Table 1 9 key domains adapted from Adams et al. [59]
Domain | Description |
|---|---|
Direction | Is the incentive a positive gain for meeting the target or avoidance of a negative loss for failing to meet such a target? |
Form | What type of incentive is used? (e.g., cash, goods, services, vouchers, etc.) |
Magnitude | What is the total value of the incentive offered? |
Certainty | How certain are participants of receiving the incentive? Incentives are certain if they are automatically given upon meeting a target. In contrast, there is only a certain chance of receiving an incentive when delivered in the form of a standardized prize bowl and uncertain chances when delivered using a lottery-style incentive. |
Target | What is the target of the incentive? Targets can include processes (e.g., attending a group session), behaviors (e.g., abstinence), and outcomes (e.g., negative urine drug screening). |
Frequency | What proportion of target processes, behaviors, or outcomes are actually incentivized? Is the person receiving an incentive every time or some times? |
Immediacy | What is the period between meeting a target and receiving the incentive? |
Schedule | Is the schedule fixed or variable? Fixed schedule provide the same incentive every time the target is achieved while a variable schedule provides different (and often escalating) incentives. For example, a second negative urine drug screening warrants two draws, fourth negative urine sample warrants four draws and so forth. |
Recipient | Is the recipient an individual, group, significant other, clinician, or parent? |