From: Is your syringe services program cost-saving to society? A methodological case study
International outbreaks | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Outbreak year | Pre-outbreak case rates | Peak outbreak rate | Excess cases | Precipitating conditions |
Athens, Greece | 2011 | 10–20 HIV cases/year | 525 cases over a 1-year period | 505–515 cases | Economic recession; homelessness; low HIV prevention services |
Bucharest, Romania | 2011 | 5–12 HIV cases/year | 308 cases/year | 296–303 cases | Poverty; increase in synthetic drug use |
Dublin, Ireland | 2014 | 10–20 HIV cases/year | 57 cases over 2-year period | 37–47 cases | Economic recession; homelessness; increase in daily “snow blow” injections |
Tel Aviv, Israel | 2012 | ~ 40 HIV cases/year | 73 cases over 1-year period | ~ 33 cases | Homelessness; increase in synthetic cathinone use |
Luxembourg | 2013 | < 4 HIV cases/year | 68 cases over 4-year period | 64 cases | Economic precariousness; homelessness; increase in cocaine use and decrease in heroin supply |
Glasgow, Scotland | 2015 | ~ 10 HIV cases/year | 48 cases over a 1-year period | 38 cases | Austerity; homelessness; increase in cocaine injecting |
Southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada | 2016 | < 1 HIV case/year | 16 cases over 2-year period | 15 cases | Poverty; homelessness; increase hydromorphone use |