Table 3 US-based outbreak details
From: Is your syringe services program cost-saving to society? A methodological case study
US based outbreaks | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Location | Outbreak year | Pre-outbreak case rates | Peak outbreak rate | Excess cases | Precipitating conditions |
Cabell County, West Virginia | 2019 | ~ 2 HIV cases/year | 82 cases over a 1-year period | 80 cases | Low HIV prevention services, lack of access to HIV testing |
Lowell, Massachusetts | 2016 | ~ 0 HIV cases/year | 5 cases over a 1-year period | 5 cases | Homelessness, fentanyl injection, low HIV prevention services |
Northern Kentucky/Hamilton County, Ohio | 2017–2018 | < 20 HIV case/year | 157 cases over a 2 month period | 137 cases | Increase in injection drug use starting in 2017 |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | 2018 | ~ 33 HIV cases/year | 71 cases over a 1-year period | 38 cases | Incarceration, increase fentanyl injection |
Portland, Oregon | 2019 | ~ 12 HIV cases/year | 42 cases over a 1-year period | 30 cases | Methamphetamine injection |
Seattle, Washington | 2018 | ~ 17 HIV cases/year | 52 cases over a 1-year period | 35 cases | Homelessness; heroin and methamphetamine injection in combination; sex exchange among females |
Scott County Indiana, USA | 2014 | < 1 HIV cases/year | 227 cases over 3-year period | 226 cases | Low employment rate; prescription oxymorphone; no HIV prevention services |