Table 2 Study outcomes

CATI interview

Number of alcohol-related harms

(primary outcome)

34 physical, social and behavioural alcohol-related harms¹ (risk taking, accidents, insomnia, etc.)

34 Community-validated items

Stigma

Anticipated and internalized stigma

“The Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale” (SU-SMS) [45]

Alcohol consumption

Frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, binge drinking

Short form of the “Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test” (AUDIT-C) [40]

Craving

Craving for alcohol (strong desire or compulsion to consume alcohol)

Community-validated items (for the three previous months)

“Did you picture alcohol or drinking?”

“Did you have a strong urge to drink”

“What level of control did you have over your alcohol consumption?”

Coping strategies

Cognitive and behavioural efforts to cope with stress in everyday life (trait coping)

“Brief COPE” [46]

Coping dimensions: (1) active coping, (2) planning, (3) using instrumental support, (4) using emotional support, (5) venting, (6) behavioural disengagement, (7) self-distraction, (8) self-blame, (9) positive reframing, (10) humour, (11) denial, (12) acceptance, (13) religion, (14) substance use

Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL)

Mental and physical health

“Short-Form 12-item Health Survey (version 2)” (SF-12v2) [47]

8 domains: physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health

Self-confidence to abstain from or control drinking

Confidence to abstain from or control drinking in high-risk situations

“Brief Situational Confidence Questionnaire” (BSCQ) [48]

Treatment self-regulation

Reasons for starting treatment or engaging in healthy behaviour

Adaptation of the “Treatment Questionnaire Concerning Diabetes” [49]

Two subscales: autonomous regulation and controlled regulation

Face-to-face interview

Anxiety and depressive symptoms

Self-reported psychiatric symptoms of depression or anxiety

“The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale” (HADS) [50]

Alcohol-Related Neuropsychological Impairments

Verbal episodic memory, visuospatial abilities, working memory, executive functioning

“Brief Evaluation of Alcohol-Related Neuropsychological Impairment” (BEARNI) [51]

Capabilities

A measure of wellbeing for the general adult population

“ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults” (ICECAP-A) [52]

Comprises five attributes: Attachment (an ability to have love, friendship and support), stability (an ability to feel settled and secure), achievement (an ability to achieve and progress in life), enjoyment (an ability to experience enjoyment and pleasure), autonomy (an ability to be independent)