Table 1 Characteristics of respondents according to changes in cannabis use patterns during the first COVID-19-related lockdown in France

Demographics

Women

1045 (26.0)

64 (21.8)

285 (24.7)

256 (22.3)

440 (30.8)

**

Age group (years)

**

18 to 25

1785 (44.4)

140 (47.8)

587 (50.9)

440 (38.4)

618 (43.3)

26 to 45

1830 (45.5)

118 (40.3)

477 (41.4)

548 (47.8)

687 (48.1)

> 45

404 (10.0)

35 (11.9)

89 (7.7)

158 (13.8)

122 (8.5)

Education level ≥ secondary school diploma

3294 (82.0)

249 (85.0)

932 (80.8)

898 (78.4)

1215 (85.1)

**

Place of residence during lockdown

**

Rural

607 (15.1)

44 (15.0)

205 (17.8)

178 (15.5)

180 (12.6)

Semi-urban

1005 (25.0)

81 (27.6)

340 (29.5)

294 (25.6)

290 (20.3)

Urban

2246 (55.9)

149 (50.8)

562 (48.7)

628 (54.8)

907 (63.6)

No. of people living in the house (incl. participant) during lockdown

2 [2–4]

3 [2–4]

3 [2–4]

2 [2–4]

2 [2–4]

ns

External space at home (terrace, garden) during lockdown

2754 (68.5)

218 (74.4)

816 (70.8)

805 (70.2)

915 (64.1)

**

Living with a partner during lockdown

1716 (42.7)

98 (33.4)

430 (37.3)

545 (47.6)

643 (45.1)

**

Had children during lockdown

956 (23.8)

61 (20.8)

230 (19.9)

345 (30.1)

320 (22.4)

**

Change in employment activity/status during lockdown

**

Teleworking

625 (15.5)

36 (12.3)

146 (12.7)

184 (16.1)

259 (18.1)

Partial unemployment or receiving payroll subsidy, job loss, sick leave or disability leave

1667 (41.5)

106 (36.2)

427 (37.0)

468 (40.8)

666 (46.7)

Unchanged

939 (23.4)

78 (26.6)

283 (24.5)

328 (28.6)

250 (17.5)

Student

666 (16.6)

68 (23.2)

252 (21.9)

132 (11.5)

214 (15.0)

State of health before lockdown

Chronic or acute disease (physical health)

522 (13.0)

39 (13.3)

140 (12.1)

155 (13.5)

188 (13.2)

ns

Chronic or acute disease (mental health)

385 (9.6)

38 (13.0)

124 (10.7)

93 (8.1)

130 (9.1)

ns

Chronic pain

853 (21.2)

57 (19.4)

238 (20.6)

258 (22.5)

300 (21.0)

ns

Self-medication with cannabis

**

Not always

2783 (69.2)

198 (67.6)

819 (71.0)

752 (65.6)

1014 (71.1)

Always

436 (10.8)

32 (10.9)

110 (9.5)

164 (14.3)

130 (9.1)

Missing

800 (19.9)

63 (21.5)

224 (19.4)

230 (20.1)

283 (19.8)

Substance use

Pre-lockdown cannabis use—median number of daily intakes (i.e., frequency)

4 [3–6]

4 [2–5]

4 [3–6]

4 [3–6]

4 [2–5]

ns

Pre-lockdown cannabis form

ns

Dried flowers

2518 (62.6)

168 (57.3)

712 (61.7)

737 (64.3)

901 (63.1)

Resin

1460 (36.3)

122 (41.6)

429 (37.2)

393 (34.3)

516 (36.2)

Other/missing

41 (1.0)

3 (1.0)

12 (1.0)

16 (1.4)

9 (0.6)

Pre-lockdown cannabis route of administration

**

Smoking

3845 (95.7)

286 (97.6)

1107 (96.0)

1072 (93.6)

1380 (96.7)

Other

168 (4.2)

7 (2.4)

44 (3.8)

73 (6.4)

44 (3.1)

Pre-lockdown home-grown cannabis

389 (9.7)

9 (3.1)

71 (6.2)

177 (15.4)

132 (9.2)

**

Pre-lockdown stocking up on cannabis

1859 (46.3)

31 (10.6)

489 (42.4)

525 (45.8)

814 (57.0)

**

Increased tobacco use during lockdown

913 (22.7)

114 (38.9)

311 (27.0)

149 (13.0)

339 (23.8)

**

Increased alcohol use during lockdown

1180 (29.3)

119 (40.6)

323 (28.0)

249 (21.7)

489 (34.3)

**

Increased use of benzodiazepines during lockdown

116 (2.9)

17 (5.8)

35 (3.0)

18 (1.6)

46 (3.2)

**

Health outcomes during lockdown

Symptoms suggestive of COVID-19

**

No

2578 (64.1)

205 (70.0)

735 (63.7)

789 (68.8)

849 (59.5)

Mild symptoms without dyspnea

1026 (25.5)

64 (21.9)

285 (24.7)

264 (23.0)

413 (28.9)

Dyspnea

279 (6.9)

16 (5.5)

82 (7.1)

56 (4.9)

125 (8.8)

Anxiety (HAD score ≥ 8)

1384 (34.4)

111 (37.9)

394 (34.2)

324 (28.3)

555 (38.9)

**

Depression (HAD score ≥ 8)

840 (20.9)

98 (33.4)

169 (14.7)

243 (21.1)

330 (23.1)

**

Sleep disorder intensification

1666 (41.4)

194 (66.2)

535 (46.4)

343 (29.9)

594 (41.6)

**

Increased pain

760 (18.9)

83 (28.3)

222 (19.2)

181 (15.8)

274 (19.2)

**