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Table 1 Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with awareness of RMP (n = 633)

From: Low awareness of risk mitigation prescribing in response to dual crises of COVID-19 and overdose deaths among people who use unregulated drugs in Vancouver, Canada

 

Heard of risk mitigation prescribing (n, %)

  

Variable

Yes (302, 47.7%)

No (331, 52.3%)

OR [95% CI]

AOR [95% CI]

Cohort

    ACCESS

90 (29.8%)

111 (33.5%)

1.13 [0.90, 1.41]

1.12 [0.74, 1.70]

    ARYS

92 (30.5%)

92 (27.8%)

0.91 [0.73, 1.15]

1.41 [0.72, 2.76]

    VIDUS

120 (39.7%)

128 (38.7%)

Reference

Reference

Age, per year increase (median, 1st – 3rd quartile)

42 (31–54)

45 (33–55)

0.99 [0.98, 1.00]

0.99 [0.97, 1.01]

White (vs. Black, Indigenous, other people of color)

166 (60.1%)

166 (52.5%)

1.36 [0.98, 1.89]

1.47 [1.01, 2.13]

Male (vs. female and other gender minorities)

155 (55.8%)

187 (59.0%)

0.88 [0.63, 1.21]

0.91 [0.63, 1.33]

 ≥ Secondary school education (vs. < ss education)

146 (53.7%)

134 (42.7%)

1.56 [1.12, 2.16]

1.67 [1.16, 2.39]

Residency in DTES (vs. in other neighborhoods)a

157 (52.0%)

152 (45.9%)

1.28 [0.93, 1.74]

1.33 [0.90, 1.96]

Tested for COVID-19 (vs. not tested)

87 (28.8%)

97 (29.6%)

0.96 [0.68, 1.36]

0.99 [0.68, 1.44]

Access to housing options by the government (vs. no access/unsure of access)

7 (2.3%)

8 (2.4%)

0.96 [0.35, 2.69]

0.96 [0.26, 3.60]

Unable to self-isolate or social distance (vs. able)

80 (26.9%)

97 (29.9%)

0.87 [0.61, 1.23]

0.73 [0.48, 1.09]

 ≥ Daily alcohol use (vs. < daily use)a

33 (11.0%)

51 (15.6%)

0.67 [0.42, 1.07]

0.75 [0.45, 1.26]

 ≥ Daily unregulated opioid use (vs. < daily use)a,b

150 (49.7%)

136 (41.1%)

1.41 [1.03, 1.94]

1.09 [0.73, 1.63]

 ≥ Daily stimulant use (vs. < daily use)a,b

134 (44.4%)

115 (34.7%)

1.50 [1.09, 2.06]

1.29 [0.88, 1.88]

Benzo use (vs. no benzo use)a,b

18 (6.0%)

11 (3.3%)

1.84 [0.86, 3.97]

1.82 [0.77, 4.32]

Use of drugs at supervised consumption site (vs. no drug use at supervised consumption site)a

97 (32.1%)

75 (22.7%)

1.62 [1.13, 2.30]

1.66 [1.10, 2.52]

Non-fatal overdose (vs. no overdose)a

47 (15.7%)

55 (16.8%)

0.92 [0.60, 1.41]

0.85 [0.53, 1.36]

Incarceration (vs. no incarceration)a

10 (3.3%)

20 (6.1%)

0.53 [0.25, 1.16]

0.51 [0.20, 1.30]

Involvement in drug dealing (vs. no involvement)a

105 (34.8%)

89 (26.9%)

1.45 [1.03, 2.03]

1.19 [0.80, 1.75]

Addiction treatmenta

    OAT

184 (61.1%)

171 (52.3%)

1.52 [1.08, 2.12]

1.51 [1.02, 2.24]

    Non-OAT treatment only

24 (8.0%)

25 (7.7%)

1.35 [0.73, 2.51]

1.19 [0.59, 2.42]

    No treatment

93 (30.9%)

131 (40.1%)

Reference

Reference

Unable to access health or social services (vs. able to access/never tried to access)a

82 (27.4%)

86 (26.0%)

1.08 [0.76, 1.53]

1.08 [0.72, 1.62]

Treatment for mental health (vs. no treatment)a

87 (29.0%)

72 (21.9%)

1.46 [1.02, 2.09]

1.36 [0.91, 2.03]

  1. OR: odds ratio. AOR: adjusted odds ratio. CI: confidence interval. DTES: Downtown Eastside neighborhood of Vancouver. OAT: opioid agonist therapy
  2. (A)ORs in bold font denote p < 0.05
  3. aDenotes behaviors/events in the past 6 months
  4. bDenotes drug use via injection or non-injection