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Table 1 Demographic Characteristics of the Sample (N = 219)

From: The group-based law enforcement mistrust scale: psychometric properties of an adapted scale and implications for public health and harm reduction research

Demographic variables and other psycho-social constructs

N (%) or Mean (SD)

Sex/Gender

 Male

54 (25.7%)

 Female

161 (73.5%)

 Transgender female

4 (1.8%)

Race/Ethnicity

 Black/African American

94 (42.9%)

 Hispanic or Latino

28 (12.8%)

 White

37 (16.9%)

 Other

10 (4.6%)

 Multiracial

50 (22.8%)

Any Black

131 (59.8%)

Homeless in past 6 months

110 (50.2%)

Age

37.2 (13.1)

Education

12.9 (2.1)

Monthly income

997.3 (892.4)

How many times in the past 6 months have you felt unsafe in your neighborhood?

 None

98 (44.7%)

 Once

21 (9.6%)

 Twice

24 (11.0%)

 3–10 times

35 (16.0%)

 > 10 times

41 (18.7%)

Multiple discrimination scale race subscale (MDS-R)

2.7 (2.4)

Group-based medical mistrust scale (GBMMS)

2.6 (0.8)

Illicit activities and experiences with law enforcement

Injection drug use (past 6 m)

41 (18.7%)

Receptive syringe and paraphernalia sharing (past 6 m; missing n = 3)

20 (9.3%)

Sex with recently incarcerated partner (past 6 m; missing n = 13)

40 (19.4%)

Ever ticketed (excluding parking)

150 (68.5%)

Ever arrested

163 (74.4%)

Ever spent night in jail

52 (23.7%)

Stopped by law enforcement because of your race (past 12 m)

46 (21.0%)

Arrested because of your race (past 12 m; missing n = 1)

19 (8.7%)

Treated poorly or made to feel inferior by law enforcement because of your race? (past 12 m; missing n = 2)

58 (26.7%)

Have law enforcement officials ever informed you about social services, drug treatment, needle exchange programs or other services available to you?

64 (29.2%)