Table 1 Full sample characteristics and bivariate results

Demographics

Age (Mean)

33.5

32.86

33.86

0.41

 19–28

32.5%

32.9%

32.3%

0.94

 29–38

45.6%

51.4%

42.3%

0.22

 39 + 

22.0%

15.7%

25.4%

0.12

Educational status

0.88

 No education

6.0%

5.7%

6.2%

0.90

 Some primary

80.0%

77.1%

81.5%

0.46

 Secondary + 

14.0%

17.1%

12.3%

0.35

 Relationship status

0.21

 Married/live with partner

37.0%

34.3%

38.5%

0.57

 Divorced, separated, or widowed

14.5%

11.4%

16.2%

0.37

 Non-cohabiting partner

25.5%

22.9%

26.9%

0.53

Not in relationship

29.0%

41.4%

22.3%

0.004**

Number of children

0.27

 No children

13.5%

17.1%

11.5%

 1 + Children

86.5%

82.9%

88.5%

 Transactional sex (ever)

85.0%

90.0%

82.3%

0.15

 Exchanged sex for drugs (ever)

82.5%

90.0%

78.5%

0.04*

 Reported HIV serostatus

28.0%

25.7%

29.2%

0.72

 Arrested (ever)

81.0%

92.9%

74.6%

0.00*

 Arrested (past 6 months)

59.5%

70.0%

53.8%

0.04*

Drug use

 Heroin use every day in past 1 month

84.5%

90.0%

81.5%

0.12

 Duration of heroin use (mean number of years)

6.0

6.5

5.6

0.05*

 Injection drug use (ever)

13.0%

17.1%

10.8%

0.20

Violence

 Sexual violence in past 12 months

35.8%

47.1%

29.6%

0.02*

 Physical violence in past 12 months

62.0%

74.3%

55.1%

0.01**