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Table 2 Group 1 (N = 52): Police contacts, arrests, and incarceration 12 months before and 12 months after the index contact

From: The relationship between police contacts for drug use-related crime and future arrests, incarceration, and overdoses: a retrospective observational study highlighting the need to break the vicious cycle

Variable

12 months before

12 months after

p value

Total police contacts

   

Yes, # (%)

30 (57.7)

36 (69.2)

0.309

# Episodes

191

167

0.488

mean (SD), median

3.7 (10.3), 1

3.2 (6.1), 1

 

Overdose-related police contacts

   

Yes, # (%)

6 (11.5)

15 (28.8)

0.049

# Episodes

6

18

0.024

Mean (SD), median

0.1 (0.3), 0

0.4 (0.6), 0

 

Total arrests

   

Yes, # (%)

24 (46.2)

26 (50.0)

0.845

# Episodes

95

84

0.841

Mean (SD), median

1.8 (5.2), 0

1.6 (3.7), 0.5

 

Overdose-related arrests

   

Yes, # (%)

4 (7.7)

3 (5.8)

1.000

# Episodes

4

5

1.000

Mean (SD), median

0.1 (0.3), 0

0.1 (0.5), 0

 

Person arrests

   

Yes, # (%)

4 (7.7)

4 (7.7)

1.000

# Episodes

12

5

0.750

Mean (SD), median

0.2 (1.1), 0

0.1 (0.4), 0

 

Society arrests

   

Yes, # (%)

19 (36.5)

24 (46.2)

0.426

# Episodes

64

65

0.604

Mean (SD), median

1.2 (4.1), 0

1.3 (3.3), 0

 

Property arrests

   

Yes, # (%)

10 (19.2)

5 (9.6)

0.264

# Episodes

19

14

0.423

Mean (SD), median

0.4 (0.8), 0

0.3 (1.0), 0

 

Incarceration

   

Yes, # (%)

27 (51.9)

44 (84.6)

0.001

# Days

842 days

2600 days

 < 0.001

Mean (SD), median

16.2 (38.6), 1

50.0 (72.0), 13

 
  1. p value: Wilcoxon signed-rank test for continuous variables or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables were used in comparing pre- versus post-index contact outcomes