Table 1 Operational definitions of EPIS parent and subcodes (Moullin et al., 2019)

Implementation

Active implementation processes at a systems-level, including factors related to funding, legality, workforce productivity, and user feedback

Sustainment

Factors that support continuous EBP delivery–with adaptations as necessary–to achieve lasting public health impact, including factors related to long-term financial support and/or self-sufficiency

Outer context

The environment external to the organization; service and policy environments and characteristics; inter-organizational relationships between governments, funders, managed care organizations, professional societies, advocacy groups

Inner context

Characteristics within an organization; leadership (high vs middle management), staffing (paid clinicians vs peer volunteers), facility-specific practices, individual adopters/ practitioners

Bridging factors

The interconnectedness and relationships between outer and inner context entities influence the implementation process as outer and inner processes influence each other in a reciprocal nature

Innovation

The evidence-based practice or intervention itself, or novel parts of it; fit of the intervention with the system and target population (outer system) and the organization itself and its providers (inner context); any adaptations necessary to maximize the intervention’s fit. After the initial opening of the SCS, innovation factors may be implemented for improved access and operations and help the SCS be more sustainable for longer and wider use