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Table 1 Characteristics of patients

From: Disparities in naloxone prescriptions in a University Hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic

 

Number of naloxone prescriptions

p-value

Number of patients with OUD

p-value

Year

2019

2020

2019

2020

Total

609

619

2962

2641

Age (years)

Mean (SD)

44.4 ± 14.7a

41.9 ± 12.6a

a

43.4 ± 14.0

42.3 ± 13.5

a

Sex

Female

300 (49.3%)

277 (44.7%)

0.11

1461 (49.3%)

1272 (48.2%)

0.39

Male

309 (50.7%)

342 (55.3%)

1501 (50.7%)

1369 (51.8%)

Race

Black

123 (20.2%)

142 (22.9%)

0.49

651 (22.0%)

527 (20.0%)

0.17

White

472 (77.5%)

462 (74.6%)

2223 (82.58%)

2030 (76.9%)

Otherb

14 (2.3%)

15 (0.81%)

88 (3.0%)

84 (3.2%)

Ethnicityc

Non-Hispanic

575 (94.4%)

587 (94.8%)

 

2829 (95.5%)

2492 (94.4%)

 

Hispanic

3 (0.5%)

2 (0.3%)

13 (0.4%)

16 (0.6%)

Unknown

31 (5.1%)

30 (4.8%)

120 (4.1%)

133 (5.0%)

Insurance

Public

295 (48.4%)

251 (40.5%)

 < 0.05

1101 (37.2%)

943 (35.7%)

0.23

Private

112 (18.4%)

94 (15.2%)

761 (25.7%)

659 (25.0%)

Uninsured

202 (33.2%)

274 (44.3%)

1100 (37.1%)

1039 (39.3%)

Encounter

Emergency

118 (19.4%)

117 (18.9%)

 < 0.05

1123 (37.9%)

899 (34.0%)

 < 0.05

Inpatient

282 (46.3%)

384 (62.0%)

770 (26.0%)

824 (31.2%)

Outpatient

209 (34.3%)

118 (19.1%)

1069 (36.1%)

918 (34.8%)

  1. Bold: Most naloxone prescriptions were provided for individuals on public insurance or without insurance (self-pay) in 2019; however, there was a significant change between 2019 and 2020, where the number of uninsured patients receiving naloxone prescriptions increased (202 vs 274, p < 0.05). Compared with 2019, more patients were admitted to the inpatient setting in 2020 (770 vs 824, p < 0.05), and more patients in the inpatient setting received naloxone prescriptions in 2020 (282 vs 384, p < 0.05)
  2. OUD opioid use disorder. Data are presented in number and percentage, N (%), except ages. SD indicates standard deviation
  3. aExcluded from Chi-square analysis due to missing age data for deceased patients (84 in patients with OUD group, 26 in naloxone prescriptions group)
  4. bIncludes Asian, Hispanic, and unknown
  5. cExcluded from Chi-square analysis due to low numbers of Hispanic cohort