Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | Harm Reduction Journal

Fig. 3

From: Understanding heterogeneity among individuals who smoke cigarettes and vape: assessment of biomarkers of exposure and potential harm among subpopulations from the PATH Wave 1 Data

Fig. 3

Biomarkers of potential harm among subgroups of people who smoke and vape relative to people who only smoke cigarettes everyday, Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Wave 1, 2013–2014. Note *denotes statistically significant difference at unadjusted p < 0.05 between subgroups of people who smoke and vape and people who only smoke cigarettes everyday. Group A—people who only smoke cigarettes everyday; Group B1—people who frequently smoke and vape; Group B2—people who frequently smoke and infrequently vape; Group B3—people who frequently vape and infrequently smoke; Group B4—people who infrequently smoke and vape; Group C—people who only vape everyday; Group D—people who never used any tobacco products

Back to article page