Table 2 Drug consumption behaviors and health outcomes before and after heroin pipe distribution among SSP clients
|  | Pre-intervention (n = 201) | Post-intervention (n = 251) |  | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | No. / Median | % / IQR | No. / Median | % /IQR | p value |
Heroin use behaviors in the past seven days | |||||
Exclusive IV and/or IM heroin use | 86 | 43% | 80 | 32% | 0.02 |
Both IV and/or IM heroin use and heroin smoking | 72 | 36% | 113 | 45% | 0.048 |
Exclusive heroin smoking | 43 | 21% | 58 | 23% | 0.66 |
Median number times IV injection | 20 | 4–30 | 20 | 7–30 | 0.16 |
Median number times IM injection | 5 | 2–10 | 10 | 3–15 | 0.15 |
Median number times smoking heroin | 5 | 2–15 | 5 | 2–14 | 0.58 |
High-risk injection behaviors in the past 30Â days | |||||
Syringe sharing # | 25 | 12% | 23 | 9% | 0.26 |
Syringe reuse # | 67 | 33% | 63 | 25% | 0.055 |
Public injection # | 103 | 51% | 138 | 55% | 0.43 |
Drug use-associated health outcomes in the past 30Â days | |||||
Self-reported non-lethal opioid overdose # | 15 | 7% | 18 | 7% | 0.92 |
SSTI (cellulitis and/or abscess) # | 58 | 29% | 74 | 30% | 0.86 |
Hospitalization (all cause) # | 32 | 16% | 38 | 15% | 0.83 |
Infective endocarditis (among those hospitalized) # | 0 | 0% | 2 | 5% | 0.50 |