Characteristic | Difficulty accessing SCSs or OPSs in last six months | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Yes, n (%) n = 58 (13.6%) | No, n (%) n = 370 (86.4%) | |||
Age (per year increase) | ||||
Median (IQR†) | 44 (35–52) | 52 (44–58) | 0.93 (0.91–0.96) |  < 0.001 |
Self-Identified Gender Gender | ||||
Men | 23 (39.7) | 210 (56.8) | 0.50 (0.28–0.88) | 0.015 |
Women/non-binary | 35 (60.3) | 160 (43.2) | Â | Â |
Ancestry | ||||
White | 26 (44.8) | 208 (56.5) | 0.63 (0.36—1.09) | 0.096 |
Black, Indigenous, and people of colour | 22 (55.2) | 160 (43.5) | Â | Â |
Education | ||||
High school or greater | 27 (46.6) | 179 (49.2) | 0.90 (0.52–1.57) | 0.710 |
Less than high school | 31 (53.5) | 185 (50.8) | Â | Â |
Employment | ||||
Yes | 21 (36.2) | 124 (33.5) | 1.13 (0.63–2.01) | 0.687 |
No | 37 (63.8) | 246 (66.5) | Â | Â |
Downtown Eastside residence* | ||||
Yes | 39 (67.2) | 219 (59.2) | 1.42 (0.79–2.54) | 0.244 |
No | 19 (32.8) | 151 (40.8) | Â | Â |
≥ Daily unregulated opioid use* | ||||
Yes | 39 (67.2) | 169 (45.8) | 2.43 (1.35–4.36) | 0.002 |
No | 19 (32.8) | 200 (54.2) | Â | Â |
≥ Daily non-medical prescription opioid use* | ||||
Yes | 1 (1.8) | 8 (2.2) | 0.81 (0.10–6.58) | 1.000Ψ |
No | 56 (98.3) | 362 (97.8) | Â | Â |
≥ Daily cocaine use* | ||||
Yes | 2 (3.5) | 11 (3.0) | 1.16 (0.25–5.38) | 0.693Ψ |
No | 56 (96.6) | 358 (97.0) | Â | Â |
≥ Daily crystal methamphetamine use* | ||||
Yes | 19 (32.8) | 53 (14.4) | 2.90 (1.56–5.40) | 0.001 |
No | 39 (67.2) | 316 (85.6) | Â | Â |
≥ Daily crack use* | ||||
Yes | 6 (10.3) | 54 (14.6) | 0.68 (0.28–1.65) | 0.386 |
No | 52 (89.7) | 316 (85.4) | Â | Â |
Benzodiazepine use* | ||||
Yes | 5 (8.6) | 9 (2.4) | 3.78 (1.22–11.72) | 0.029Ψ |
No | 53 (91.4) | 361 (97.6) | Â | Â |
Speedball use* | ||||
Yes | 0 (0.0) | 20 (5.4) | N/A φ | 0.091Ψ |
No | 58 (100) | 350 (94.6) | Â | Â |
Goofball use* | ||||
Yes | 14 (24.1) | 53 (14.3) | 1.90 (0.98–3.71) | 0.056 |
No | 44 (75.9) | 317 (85.7) | Â | Â |
Injection drug use* | ||||
Yes | 54 (93.1) | 254 (68.7) | 6.17 (2.18–17.43) | 0.001 |
No | 4 (6.9) | 116 (31.4) | Â | Â |
Used drugs alone* | ||||
Yes | 41 (78.9) | 193 (80.8) | 0.89 (0.42–1.86) | 0.754 |
No | 11 (21.2) | 46 (19.3) | Â | Â |
Participation in addiction treatment* | ||||
Yes | 49 (84.5) | 257 (70.0) | 2.33 (1.11–4.91) | 0.023 |
No | 9 (15.5) | 110 (30.0) | Â | Â |
Non-fatal overdose* | ||||
Yes | 19 (32.8) | 57 (15.5) | 2.66 (1.43–4.93) | 0.001 |
No | 39 (67.2) | 311 (84.5) | Â | Â |
Experienced physical violence* | ||||
Yes | 15 (25.9) | 47 (12.7) | 2.40 (1.24–4.65) | 0.008 |
No | 43 (74.1) | 323 (87.3) | Â | Â |
Syringe/drug use equipment sharing* | ||||
Yes | 17 (30.4) | 82 (23.2) | 1.44 (0.77–2.68) | 0.247 |
No | 39 (69.6) | 271 (76.8) | Â | Â |
Unstable housing* | ||||
Yes | 43 (74.1) | 193 (52.6) | 2.58 (1.39–4.82) | 0.002 |
No | 15 (25.9) | 174 (47.4) | Â | Â |
Sex work involvement* | ||||
Yes | 9 (15.8) | 38 (10.4) | 1.61 (0.73–3.54) | 0.230 |
No | 48 (84.2) | 327 (89.6) | Â | Â |
Incarceration* | ||||
Yes | 2 (3.5) | 9 (2.5) | 1.43 (0.30–6.77) | 0.651Ψ |
No | 56 (96.6) | 359 (97.6) | Â | Â |
Cohort/HIV status | ||||
Yes | 38 (65.5) | 199 (53.8) | 1.63 (0.92–2.91) | 0.095 |
No | 20 (34.5) | 171 (46.2) | Â | Â |
Believe been infected with COVID-19 | ||||
Yes | 4 (7.1) | 23 (6.3) | 1.14 (0.38–3.44) | 0.771 |
No | 52 (92.9) | 342 (93.7) | Â | Â |
Perceived drug quality since COVID-19 pandemic | ||||
Worse | 34 (60.7) | 153 (42.2) | 2.12 (1.19–3.77) | 0.009 |
Same/better | 22 (39.3) | 210 (57.9) | Â | Â |