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Table 1 Socioeconomic circumstances, drug use/injection practices, and treatment utilization for 66 participants interviewed across two time points

From: Substance use, injection risk behaviors, and fentanyl-related overdose risk among a sample of PWID post-Hurricane Maria

 

Pre-Maria (2016) interview, %

Post-Maria (2019) interview, %

p value

Socioeconomic

   

Homelessness, current

10.9

12.5

0.754

Monthly job income, $

  

0.005

 None

18.5

29.2

 

 1–299

27.7

40.0

 

 300–699

29.2

15.4

 

 700+

24.6

15.4

 

Unemployed or disabled

81.8

71.2

0.039

Uninsured

13.6

16.7

0.581

Unable to receive needed medical care due to cost or access

16.7

6.1

0.057

Drug use/injection practices

   

Injection frequency

  

0.044

 Monthly or less

3.0

22.7

 

 Between daily and monthly

13.6

12.1

 

 1–3×/daily

40.9

31.8

 

 4–7×/daily

33.3

16.7

 

 8×/daily+

9.1

16.7

 

Daily injection of

   

 Heroin with cocaine

68.2

54.6

0.064

 Xylazine with cocaine

0.0

1.5

–

 Heroin alone

15.4

21.5

0.227

 Powder cocaine alone

7.6

7.6

–

 Crack cocaine

1.5

0.0

–

 Buprenorphine

1.5

0.0

–

New needle use, mostly or always

76.9

55.4

0.008

Use of needle someone else had used, half of the time or more

3.0

3.0

–

Sharing cooker/cotton/water, half of the time or more

53.9

30.8

0.002

Weekly non-injection use of:

   

 Cannabis

24.2

42.4

0.007

 Crack cocaine

29.2

33.9

0.424

 Powder cocaine

10.6

4.6

0.180

 Benzodiazepines

25.8

42.4

0.008

 Prescription opioids

9.1

7.6

0.754

 Heroin

4.6

10.8

0.180

 Buprenorphine (from the street)

7.6

10.6

0.549

Weekly “binge drinking”

19.7

24.2

0.454

Treatment Utilization

   

Participated in drug treatment

43.9

50.0

0.383

Tried to enter treatment but unable

18.2

18.2

–

  1. Daily injection of xylazine, methamphetamine, or prescription opioids and weekly non-injection use of methamphetamine, xylazine, hallucinogens, or ecstasy were not presented in the table due to 0 affirmative responses across both time periods. p values were calculated via McNemar mid-p tests for binary measures and paired-samples sign test for ordinal measures. Bold highlights p values below 0.05. N varies between variables, with a range of 64–66 participants for 128–132 observations total