Skip to main content

Table 1 Participant socioeconomic, support, and opioid-using characteristics among people who use opioids in New York City overall and stratified by race (N = 575)

From: Racial/ethnic disparities in opioid overdose prevention: comparison of the naloxone care cascade in White, Latinx, and Black people who use opioids in New York City

 

Overall (%)

White n (%)

Black n (%)

Latinx n (%)

Chi-square test result (P value) for participant characteristics by race

Gender

    

16.59 (0.035)

 Female

190 (33.0)

47 (44.8)

72 (33.2)

65 (28.4)

 

 Male

379 (65.9)

56 (53.3)

144 (66.4)

162 (70.7)

 

 Missing

6 (1.0)

2 (1.9)

1 (0.5)

2 (0.9)

 

Age

48.3 (11.27)

   

92.33 (0.000)

   ≤ 50 Years

283 (49.2)

81 (77.1)

55 (25.4)

136 (59.4)

 

   > 50 Years

292 (50.8)

24 (22.9)

162 (74.7)

93 (40.6)

 

Employment

    

4.39 (0.821)

 Unemployed

444 (77.2)

74 (70.5)

173 (79.7)

178 (77.7)

 

 Employed

124 (21.6)

30 (28.6)

41 (18.9)

48 (21.0)

 

 Missing

7 (1.2)

1 (1.0)

3 (1.4)

3 (1.3)

 

Currently homelessness

    

12.28 (0.015)

 No

401 (69.7)

61 (58.1)

163 (75.1)

160 (69.9)

 

 Yes

174 (30.3)

44 (41.9)

54 (24.9)

69 (30.1)

 

Ever incarcerated

    

1.39 (0.709)

 No

114 (19.8)

25 (23.8)

40 (18.4)

44 (19.2)

 

 Yes

461 (80.2)

80 (76.2)

177 (81.6)

185 (80.8)

 

Lives with romantic partner

    

2.87 (0.579)

 No

425 (73.9)

83 (79.1)

154 (71.0)

171 (74.7)

 

 Yes

150 (26.1)

22 (21.0)

63 (29.0)

58 (25.3)

 

Using network gives emotional support

    

7.81 (0.452)

 No

202 (35.1)

37 (35.2)

80 (36.9)

79 (34.5)

 

 Yes

371 (64.5)

68 (64.8)

137 (63.1)

148 (64.6)

 

 Missing

2 (0.4)

0 (0)

0 (0)

2 (0.9)

 

Non-using network gives emotional support

    

10.62 (0.224)

 No

133 (23.1)

23 (21.9)

48 (22.1)

54 (23.6)

 

 Yes

435 (75.7)

82 (78.1)

168 (77.4)

169 (73.8)

 

 Missing

7 (1.2)

0 (0)

1 (0.5)

6 (2.6)

 

OUD severity

    

11.84 (0.159)

 Mild or moderate

95 (16.5)

8 (7.6)

40 (18.4)

43 (18.8)

 

 Severe

440 (76.5)

87 (82.9)

166 (76.5)

170 (74.2)

 

 Missing

40 (7.0)

10 (9.5)

11 (5.1)

16 (7.0)

 

Opioid use frequency (past 30-days)

    

36.85 (0.000)

   ≤ 75 events

293 (51.0)

56 (53.3)

122 (56.2)

104 (45.4)

 

   > 75 events

281 (48.9)

49 (46.7)

95 (43.8)

125 (54.6)

 

 Missing

1 (0.2)

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 

Ever regularly (≥ 3 times/week at least monthly) injected drugs for nonmedical purposes

    

110.07 (0.000)

 No

33 (5.7)

3 (2.9)

12 (5.5)

18 (7.9)

 

 Yes

263 (45.7)

88 (83.8)

53 (24.4)

108 (47.2)

 

 Missing

279 (48.5)

14 (13.3)

152 (70.1)

103 (45.0)

 

Any heroin injection (past 30-days)

    

106.54 (0.000)

 No

365 (63.5)

32 (30.5)

185 (50.7)

136 (59.4)

 

 Yes

195 (33.9)

71 (67.6)

28 (14.4)

86 (37.6)

 

 Missing

15 (2.6)

2 (1.9)

4 (1.8)

7 (3.1)

 

Visited SEP program (past 3 months)

    

44.30 (0.000)

 No

347 (60.4)

4 (41.9)

164 (75.6)

123 (53.7)

 

 Yes

169 (29.4)

47 (44.8)

34 (15.7)

82 (35.8)

 

 Missing

59 (10.3)

14 (13.3)

19 (8.8)

24 (10.5)

 

Elevated Stigma Score

    

13.47 (0.097)

 0–12

277 (48.2)

52 (49.5)

114 (52.5)

96 (41.9)

 

 13+ 

280 (48.7)

51 (48.6)

97 (44.7)

123 (53.7)

 

 Missing

18 (3.1)

2 (1.9)

6 (2.8)

10 (4.4)

Â