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Table 10 Participants (N = 255), total outcome counts (between date of index release and three-month follow-up), outcome counts stratified by model covariates and results of generalised linear models for each prescription medication outcome, reported as adjusted incidence rate ratios (AIRR)

From: Is use of opioid agonist treatment associated with broader primary healthcare use among men with recent injecting drug use histories following release from prison? A prospective cohort study

 

Participants (N = 255)

6. Total Dispensation s(n = 1188)

7. ATC: Nervous system (n = 894)

8. ATC: Anti-infectives (n = 103)

9. ATC: Alimentary & Metabolic (n = 64)

n (%)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

Post-release OAT use

         

None

148 (58)

548 (46)

REF

338 (38)

REF

79 (77)

REF

41 (64)

–

Interrupted

32 (13)

155 (13)

1.88 (1.19–2.98)

135 (15)

2.59 (1.61–4.16)

9 (9)

0.78 (0.33–1.83)

npa

–

Complete

75 (29)

485 (41)

2.40 (1.71–3.37)

421 (47)

3.54 (2.48–5.03)

15 (15)

0.51 (0.26–1.00)

21 (33)

–

Age (mean, [SDb])

36 (8)

–

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

–

1.05 (1.03–1.07)

–

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

–

–

Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander

40 (16)

129 (11)

0.53 (0.34–0.83)

92 (10)

0.54 (0.33–0.86)

10 (10)

0.56 (0.24–1.27)

12 (19)

–

Self-reported fair or poor health

75 (29)

431 (36)

1.61 (1.11–2.34)

310 (35)

1.59 (1.07–2.34)

53 (51)

1.91 (1.06–3.45)

20 (31)

–

GHQ-12 Score

3 (1–6)

–

0.97 (0.92–1.01)

–

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

–

0.96 (0.89–1.05)

–

–

Area of residence

         

Metro

129 (51)

628 (53)

REF

478 (53)

REF

52 (50)

REF

36 (56)

–

Regional

84 (33)

401 (34)

0.99 (0.69–1.42)

281 (31)

0.94 (0.64–1.36)

38 (37)

1.14 (0.62–2.10)

23 (36)

–

Prison/other

42 (16)

159 (13)

1.09 (0.68–1.77)

135 (15)

1.17 (0.71–1.93)

13 (13)

1.42 (0.58–3.47)

5 (8)

–

Main drug injected in the last 30 days

         

Heroin

32 (13)

137 (12)

REF

101 (11)

REF

5 (5)

REF

14 (22)

–

Methamphetamine

72 (28)

272 (23)

1.92 (1.12–3.29)

190 (21)

1.72 (0.98–3.03)

43 (42)

4.59 (1.47–14.28)

6 (9)

–

Methamphetamine and Heroin

53 (21)

201 (17)

1.66 (0.96–2.86)

160 (18)

1.66 (0.94–2.93)

14 (14)

2.37 (0.71–7.91)

10 (16)

–

No heroin or methamphetamine

98 (38)

578 (49)

2.62 (1.58–4.36)

443 (50)

2.62 (1.53–4.46)

41 (40)

3.92 (1.28–11.96)

34 (53)

–

Self-reported lifetime chronic health condition

170 (67)

899 (76)

1.19 (0.85–1.66)

646 (72)

0.91 (0.64–1.30)

84 (82)

1.93 (1.04–3.58)

58 (91)

–

Self-reported lifetime mental health condition

213 (84)

1053 (89)

1.80 (1.16–2.79)

789 (88)

2.00 (1.25–3.21)

90 (87)

1.05 (0.50–2.18)

56 (88)

–

Times moved since last interview (median, [IQRc])

1 (0–3)

–

0.85 (0.67–1.08)

–

0.85 (0.66–1.09)

–

0.95 (0.64–1.40)

–

–

Self-reported unstable accommodation

40 (16)

234 (20)

1.34 (0.79–2.29)

183 (20)

1.22 (0.70–2.12)

33 (32)

2.26 (0.98–5.20)

11 (17)

–

Current support worker

72 (28)

503 (42)

1.88 (1.35–2.62)

373 (42)

2.06 (1.47–2.91)

39 (38)

1.52 (0.86–2.68)

37 (58)

–

Model constant

–

–

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

–

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

 

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

 

–

 

10. ATC: Other (n = 127)

11. Opioids (n = 125)

12. Benzodiazepines (n = 353)

13. Gabapentinoids (n = 114)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

n (%)

AIRR (95%CI)

Post-release OAT use

        

None

90 (71)

REF

80 (64)

REF

74 (21)

REF

28 (25)

REF

Interrupted

9 (7)

0.70 (0.29–1.70)

10 (8)

0.89 (0.36–2.21)

68 (19)

4.99 (2.81–8.85)

33 (29)

6.78 (3.34–13.77)

Complete

28 (22)

0.72 (0.39–1.33)

35 (28)

1.08 (0.57–2.06)

211 (60)

8.30 (5.28–13.04)

53 (46)

4.34 (2.37–7.94)

Age (mean, [SDb])

–

1.09 (1.06–1.13)

–

1.07 (1.03–1.10)

–

1.06 (1.03–1.09)

–

1.03 (0.99–1.07)

Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander

15 (12)

0.76 (0.34–1.67)

8 (6)

0.38 (0.14–1.05)

36 (10)

1.02 (0.55–1.88)

14 (12)

0.76 (0.33–1.71)

Self-reported fair or poor health

48 (38)

1.18 (0.63–2.22)

66 (53)

3.11 (1.59–6.07)

95 (27)

1.55 (0.94–2.55)

43 (38)

1.41 (0.74–2.69)

GHQ-12 Score

–

0.92 (0.84–1.01)

-

0.98 (0.90–1.06)

–

0.95 (0.88–1.02)

–

0.99 (0.91–1.07)

Area of residence

        

Metro

62 (49)

REF

81 (65)

REF

178 (50)

REF

71 (62)

REF

Regional

59 (46)

1.24 (0.69–2.22)

38 (30)

0.77 (0.42–1.44)

92 (26)

0.97 (0.58–1.62)

24 (21)

0.56 (0.28–1.10)

Prison/other

6 (5)

0.43 (0.15–1.20)

6 (5)

0.35 (0.11–1.10)

83 (24)

1.93 (1.02–3.66)

19 (17)

1.66 (0.75–3.67)

Main drug injected in the last 30 days

        

Heroin

17 (13)

REF

27 (22)

REF

47 (13)

REF

npa

–

Methamphetamine

33 (26)

0.97 (0.39–2.39)

23 (18)

0.49 (0.21–1.17)

83 (24)

1.70 (0.81–3.59)

12 (11)

–

Methamphetamine and Heroin

17 (13)

0.81 (0.32–2.03)

17 (14)

0.50 (0.20–1.26)

62 (18)

1.28 (0.64–2.59)

16 (14)

–

No heroin or methamphetamine

60 (47)

1.31 (0.57–3.02)

58 (46)

1.05 (0.48–2.27)

161 (46)

1.53 (0.78–3.00)

85 (75)

–

Self-reported lifetime chronic health condition

111 (87)

2.51 (1.30–4.85)

101 (81)

1.88 (0.97–3.66)

225 (64)

0.77 (0.49–1.23)

96 (84)

1.85 (0.93–3.68)

Self-reported lifetime mental health condition

118 (93)

3.47 (1.40–8.60)

102 (82)

1.15 (0.54–2.48)

291 (82)

1.58 (0.87–2.88)

110 (96)

5.12 (1.66–15.73)

Times moved since last intervview (median, [IQRc])

–

0.88 (0.59–1.32)

–

0.95 (0.63–1.44)

–

1.10 (0.81–1.51)

–

0.66 (0.43–1.02)

Self-reported unstable accommodation

7 (6)

0.35 (0.12–1.02)

9 (7)

0.16 (0.05–0.50)

91 (26)

2.01 (1.00–4.04)

32 (28)

2.10 (0.88–5.02)

Current support worker

54 (43)

1.08 (0.61–1.91)

69 (55)

3.98 (2.34–6.76)

140 (40)

1.96 (1.25–3.08)

33 (29)

1.03 (0.56–1.91)

Model constant

–

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

–

0.00 (0.00–0.01)

–

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

–

0.00 (0.00–0.00)

  1. aNot provided due to a small cell size (n < 5); bStandard deviation; cInterquartile range