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  1. As a dual response to the HIV epidemic and the high level of injecting drug use in Vietnam, the Ministry of Health (MOH) initiated a pilot methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) program in Hai Phong and Ho Chi Mi...

    Authors: Tran Vu Hoang, Tran Thi Thanh Ha, Tran Minh Hoang, Nguyen To Nhu, Nguyen Cuong Quoc, Nguyen thi Minh Tam and Stephen Mills
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:39
  2. Drug users and female sex workers are among the groups most vulnerable to HIV infection in Vietnam. To address the HIV epidemic within these communities, former drug users and sex workers established the first...

    Authors: Leah T. Le, Lauretta E. Grau, Huong H. Nguyen, Oanh Hai T. Khuat and Robert Heimer
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:38
  3. “Low dead space” syringes with permanently attached needles retain less fluid, blood, and HIV after use than standard “high dead space” syringes. This reduces the probability of HIV transmission if they are sh...

    Authors: William A. Zule, Alisher Latypov, David Otiashvili, Irma Kirtadze, Umedjon Ibragimov and Georgiy V. Bobashev
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:37
  4. China, as other Southeast Asian countries, has witnessed an increased use in amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) amongst urban youth. Amongst female adolescents who both sell sex and use ATS, risk behaviours are...

    Authors: Xu-Dong Zhang, Angela Kelly-Hanku, Jia-Jia Chai, Jian Luo, Marleen Temmerman and Stanley Luchters
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:34
  5. In Cambodia, HIV prevalence among female entertainment and sex workers (FESW) is up to twenty times higher than in the general population. Use of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) has been associated with incr...

    Authors: Thomas Crewe Dixon, Song Ngak, Ellen Stein, Adam Carrico, Kimberly Page and Lisa Maher
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:33
  6. Armed conflict may increase the risk of HIV and other pathogens among injecting drug users (IDUs); however, there are few prospective studies. This study aimed to measure incidence and potential predictors, in...

    Authors: Catherine S. Todd, Abdul Nasir, Mohammad Raza Stanekzai, Katja Fiekert, Heather L. Sipsma, David Vlahov and Steffanie A. Strathdee
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:22
  7. Debate about medical cannabis legalization are typically informed by three beliefs: (1) cannabis has medical effects, (2) medical cannabis is addictive and (3) medical cannabis legalization leads to increased ...

    Authors: Sharon R. Sznitman and Anne Line Bretteville-Jensen
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:46
  8. Prior research has examined access to syringe exchange program (SEP) services among persons who inject drugs (PWID), but no research has been conducted to evaluate variations in SEP access based on season. Thi...

    Authors: Sean T. Allen, Monica S. Ruiz, Amira Roess and Jeff Jones
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:45
  9. Despite empirical support for the individual and public health benefits of treating substance use disorders (SUDs) , access to these services is impeded by several barriers. Although many studies on access bar...

    Authors: Deborah Isobell, Kamal Kamaloodien and Shazly Savahl
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:36
  10. Integrating and decentralizing services are essential to increase the accessibility and provide comprehensive care for methadone patients. Moreover, they assure the sustainability of a HIV/AIDS prevention prog...

    Authors: Bach Xuan Tran, Long Hoang Nguyen, Huong Thu Thi Phan, Linh Khanh Nguyen and Carl A. Latkin
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:29
  11. Kabul has over 12,000 people who inject drugs (PWID), most of them heroin users, and opioid substitution therapy has recently been introduced as an effective method to reduce opioid use. We aimed to evaluate a...

    Authors: Horacio Ruiseñor-Escudero, Alexander Vu, Andrea L Wirtz, Itziar Familiar-Lopez, Mark Berry, Iliassou Mfochive, Cyrus Engineer, Ahmad Farhad, Senop Tschakarjan, Ernst Wisse, Feda M Paikan and Gilbert Burnham
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:28
  12. Heroin injection is emerging as a significant dimension of the HIV epidemic in Kenya. Preventing transitions to injecting drug use from less harmful forms of use, such as smoking, is a potentially important fo...

    Authors: Andy Guise, Margarita Dimova, James Ndimbii, Phil Clark and Tim Rhodes
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:27
  13. Community stakeholders express a range of opinions about supervised injection facilities (SIFs). We sought to identify reasons for ambivalence about SIFs amongst community stakeholders in two Canadian cities.

    Authors: Carol Strike, Tara Marie Watson, Gillian Kolla, Rebecca Penn and Ahmed M. Bayoumi
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:26
  14. The leading cause of adult injury death in the USA is drug overdose, the majority of which involves prescription opioid medications. Outside of the USA, deaths by drug overdose are also on the rise, and overdo...

    Authors: Traci C. Green, Emily F Dauria, Jeffrey Bratberg, Corey S. Davis and Alexander Y Walley
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:25
  15. Despite the growing attention surrounding crack cocaine use in Brazil, little is understood about crack users’ histories, use patterns and the interplay of drug-use behaviors, settings, and access/barriers to ...

    Authors: Noa Krawczyk, Carlos Linhares Veloso Filho and Francisco I. Bastos
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:24
  16. Injecting drug use (IDU) is a strong predictor of recidivism and re-incarceration in ex-prisoners. Although the links between drug use and crime are well documented, studies examining post-release criminal act...

    Authors: Amy Kirwan, Brendan Quinn, Rebecca Winter, Stuart A. Kinner, Paul Dietze and Mark Stoové
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:23
  17. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for 15,000 deaths in the United States yearly because people living with HCV are not identified in time to seek treatment, are ineligible for or refuse treatment, or face struc...

    Authors: Stella A. Safo, Abigail Batchelder, Deena Peyser and Alain H. Litwin
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:20
  18. Harm reduction case management relies on client-identified goals to drive the provision of care in order to “meet clients where they are at”. This research measured the level of agreement between client-identi...

    Authors: Allison O’Rourke, Monica S. Ruiz and Sean T. Allen
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:17
  19. Syringe sharing continues to be a major driver of the HIV pandemic. In light of efforts to enhance access to sterile syringes and promote secondary prevention among HIV-positive individuals, we sought to ident...

    Authors: Pauline Voon, Kanna Hayashi, Lianping Ti, Karyn Kaplan, Paisan Suwannawong, Evan Wood and Thomas Kerr
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:16
  20. Although a growing body of evidence suggests that low dead space syringes may reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Hepatitis C virus infection associated with sharing syringes among people...

    Authors: Ngo Thi Thanh Huong, Gary Mundy, Josselyn Neukom, William Zule, Nguyen Minh Tuan and Nguyen Minh Tam
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:15
  21. As with many Indigenous groups around the world, Aboriginal communities in Canada face significant challenges with trauma and substance use. The complexity of symptoms that accompany intergenerational trauma a...

    Authors: Teresa Naseba Marsh, Diana Coholic, Sheila Cote-Meek and Lisa M Najavits
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:14
  22. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in primary (heroin use-related) and secondary (depressive symptoms and quality of life, QOL) outcome indicators of 3-month methadone maintenance treatment (MMT)...

    Authors: Peng-Wei Wang, Huang-Chi Lin, Chia-Nan Yen, Yi-Chun Yeh, Chih-Yao Hsu, Kuan-Sheng Chung, Hsun-Cheng Chang, Hung-Chi Wu and Cheng-Fang Yen
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:13
  23. The “gateway hypothesis” usually refers to the possibility that the taking up of habit A, which is considered harmless (or less harmful), may lead to the subsequent taking up of another habit, B, which is cons...

    Authors: Peter N Lee
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:8
  24. The US Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update established an expanded standard of care, calling on physicians to consistently identify their patients wh...

    Authors: Judy Kruger, Alissa O’Halloran and Abby Rosenthal
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:7
  25. Prevention of hepatitis C (HCV) remains a public health challenge. A new body of work is emerging seeking to explore and exploit “symbiotic goals” of people who inject drugs (PWID). That is, strategies used by...

    Authors: Carla Treloar, Jamee Newland and Louise Maher
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:5
  26. Promoting safer sex behaviours among people who inject drugs is important as drug-using populations with high HIV prevalence can contribute to transition from a concentrated to a generalised epidemic. This stu...

    Authors: Michelle Kermode, Greg Armstrong, Gajendra Kumar Medhi, Chumben Humtsoe, Biangtung Langkham and Jagadish Mahanta
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:4
  27. Prior research has explored spatial access to syringe exchange programs (SEPs) among people who inject drugs (PWID), but little is known about service utilization by former PWID who continue to access services...

    Authors: Sean Allen, Monica Ruiz and Allison O’Rourke
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:3
  28. People who inject drugs (PWID) have significantly higher rates of blood borne and sexually transmitted infections due to unsafe injecting practices and risky sexual behaviors.

    Authors: Dragan Lausevic, Senad Begic, Boban Mugosa, Natasa Terzic, Zoran Vratnica, Itana Labovic and Ivana Bozicevic
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:11
  29. It is well known that illicit use of methadone and buprenorphine is common among people with an opioid dependence. Less notice has been taken of the fact that these substances are also used for extended period...

    Authors: Torkel Richert and Björn Johnson
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:12
  30. Long-term use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been approved in several countries for smokers who are unable or unwilling to quit smoking. However, information on basic characteristics, degree of nico...

    Authors: Gitte Borup, Kim Lyngby Mikkelsen, Philip Tønnesen and Lona Louring Christrup
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:2
  31. Women living in poor and vulnerable neighbourhoods like Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES) face multiple burdens related to the social determinants of health. Many of them struggle with addiction, are involv...

    Authors: Iris Torchalla, Isabelle Aube Linden, Verena Strehlau, Erika K Neilson and Michael Krausz
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 11:34

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2017 14:65

  32. Women living in poor and vulnerable neighbourhoods like Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES) face multiple burdens related to the social determinants of health. Many of them struggle with addiction, are involv...

    Authors: Iris Torchalla, Isabelle Aube Linden, Verena Strehlau, Erika K Neilson and Michael Krausz
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2015 12:1

    The Erratum to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2017 14:65

  33. The use of opiates, particularly heroin, remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Half of the deaths among heroin consumers are attributed to overdose. In response to this problem, overdose preve...

    Authors: Elisabet Arribas-Ibar, Albert Sánchez-Niubò, Xavier Majó, Antònia Domingo-Salvany and Maria Teresa Brugal
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:33
  34. This commentary evaluates regulatory frameworks for the legalized production, sale, and use of marijuana. Specifically, we argue that the primary goal of legalization should be the elimination of the illicit t...

    Authors: Jon Gettman and Michael Kennedy
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:32
  35. It has been over half a century since the landmark Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted, for the first time unifying international drug policy under a single treaty aimed at limiting use, manufactur...

    Authors: Tim K Mackey, Daniel Werb, Leo Beletsky, Gudelia Rangel, Jaime Arredondo and Steffanie A Strathdee
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:31
  36. In Denmark, the first standalone supervised injecting facility (SIF) opened in Copenhagen’s Vesterbro neighborhood on October 1, 2012. The purpose of this study was to assess whether use of services provided b...

    Authors: Elizabeth N Kinnard, Chanelle J Howe, Thomas Kerr, Vibeke Skjødt Hass and Brandon DL Marshall
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:29
  37. We surveyed a population of injection drug users (IDUs) frequenting the mobile Baltimore City Needle Exchange Program (BNEP) to investigate self-care factors associated with chronic wounds, a significant cause...

    Authors: Maria Elisa Smith, Natanya Robinowitz, Patrick Chaulk and Kristine E Johnson
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:28
  38. There is an HIV epidemic among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Manipur and Nagaland, Northeast India. Approximately one-third of PWID across these two states are aged below 25 years, yet until now there has ...

    Authors: Gregory Armstrong, Amenla Nuken, Gajendra K Medhi, Jagadish Mahanta, Chumben Humtsoe, Melody Lalmuanpuaii and Michelle Kermode
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:27
  39. Grounded in a community-based participatory research (CBPR) framework, the PROUD (Participatory Research in Ottawa: Understanding Drugs) Study aims to better understand HIV risk and prevalence among people who...

    Authors: Lisa Lazarus, Ashley Shaw, Sean LeBlanc, Alana Martin, Zack Marshall, Kristen Weersink, Dolly Lin, Kira Mandryk and Mark W Tyndall
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:26
  40. Opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) is regarded as a crime control measure. Yet, some individuals are charged with violent criminal offenses while enrolled in OMT. This article aims to generate nuanced knowledg...

    Authors: Ingrid Amalia Havnes, Thomas Clausen, Christina Brux and Anne-Lise Middelthon
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2014 11:24