Articles
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Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:32
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Preference for hotline versus mobile application/countdown-based mobile overdose response services: a qualitative study
In response to the exacerbated rates of morbidity and mortality associated with the overlapping overdose and COVID-19 epidemics, novel strategies have been developed, implemented, operationalized and scaled to...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:31 -
Balancing public health and privacy rights: a mixed-methods study on disclosure obligations of people living with HIV to their partners in China
In 2021, a Chinese court, based on the newly enacted Civil Code, first revoked a marriage license due to the spouse’s failure to disclose their HIV infection before the marriage. This landmark case ignited a fres...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:30 -
Health, harm reduction, and social service providers’ perspectives on the appropriateness and feasibility of peer distribution of HIV self-test kits among people who use drugs
People who use drugs (PWUD) experience elevated HIV risk and numerous barriers to facility-based HIV testing. HIV self-testing (HIVST) could circumvent many of those barriers and is acceptable among PWUD, yet ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:29 -
Understanding the barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining Mobile Overdose Response Services from the perspective of Canadian key interest groups: a qualitative study
Unregulated supply of fentanyl and adulterants continues to drive the overdose crisis. Mobile Overdose Response Services (MORS) are novel technologies that offer virtual supervised consumption to minimize the ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:28 -
Correction: Measuring sustainability of opioid agonist therapy programs in the context of transition from Global Fund Support
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:27 -
Recommendations from people who use drugs in Philadelphia, PA about structuring point-of-care drug checking
Adulterants, such as fentanyl and xylazine, among others, are present in a high percentage of the illicit drug supply, increasing the risk for overdose and other adverse health events among people who use drug...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:26 -
High prevalence of hepatitis B virus susceptibility among persons undergoing community-based hepatitis C virus treatment
Due to shared modes of transmission, coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common, and HBV vaccination is recommended for all persons with HCV who remain susceptible to HBV. T...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:25 -
Using alone at home: What’s missing in housing-based responses to the overdose crisis?
Against the backdrop of North America’s overdose crisis, most overdose deaths are occurring in housing environments, largely due to individuals using drugs alone. Overdose deaths in cities remain concentrated ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:24 -
Association of spatial proximity to fixed-site syringe services programs with HCV serostatus and injection equipment sharing practices among people who inject drugs in rural New England, United States
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects rural communities, where health services are geographically dispersed. It remains unknown whether proximity to a syringe services program (SSP) is associated ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:23 -
Implementation of an education session on buprenorphine induction in the emergency department, a resident-led initiative
Many physicians including emergency medicine physicians report insufficient training and education on prescribing buprenorphine for opioid use disorder. As emergency departments implement buprenorphine inducti...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:22 -
The role of stigma in cannabis use disclosure: an exploratory study
Although cannabis use incidence, societal acceptance, and legislation all trend positively, cannabis remains federally illegal in the USA. Prior studies have revealed that patients are reluctant to disclose th...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:21 -
“Naloxone? Not for me!” First cross-assessment by patients and healthcare professionals of the risk of opioid overdose
Opioid-related mortality is a rising public health concern in France, where opioids were in 2021 implicated in 75% of overdose deaths. Opioid substitution treatment (OST) was implicated in almost half of death...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:20 -
Safe inhalation pipe provision (SIPP): protocol for a mixed-method evaluation of an intervention to improve health outcomes and service engagement among people who use crack cocaine in England
Over 180,000 people use crack cocaine in England, yet provision of smoking equipment to support safer crack use is prohibited under UK law. Pipes used for crack cocaine smoking are often homemade and/or in sho...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:19 -
Reported xylazine exposure highly associated with overdose outcomes in a rapid community assessment among people who inject drugs in Baltimore
Addressing xylazine harms are now a critical harm reduction priority, but relatively little epidemiological information exists to determine prevalence, magnitude, and correlates of xylazine use or related outc...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:18 -
Substance use care innovations during COVID-19: barriers and facilitators to the provision of safer supply at a toronto COVID-19 isolation and recovery site
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to establish isolation spaces for people experiencing homelessness who were exposed to or had COVID-19. In response, community agencies and the City of ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:17 -
Drug preparation, injection-related infections, and harm reduction practices among a national sample of individuals entering treatment for opioid use disorder
The rise in injection drug use in the USA has led to an increase in injection site infections. We performed a national survey of people who use drugs to evaluate common drug use preparation, harm reduction pra...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:16 -
Predictors of concurrent heroin use among patients on opioid maintenance treatment in France: a multilevel study over 11 years
Consistent reports from health professionals suggest that heroin is commonly used by patients undergoing opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) in France, potentially jeopardizing their recovery process. However, ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:15 -
Testing the test strips: laboratory performance of fentanyl test strips
The overdose crisis driven by synthetic opioids continues to escalate in the USA. We evaluated the efficacy of multiple manufacturing lots of a fentanyl test strip (FTS) to detect fentanyl and fentanyl analogs...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:14 -
The impact of fentanyl on state- and county-level psychostimulant and cocaine overdose death rates by race in Ohio from 2010 to 2020: a time series and spatiotemporal analysis
Over the past decade in the USA, increases in overdose rates of cocaine and psychostimulants with opioids were highest among Black, compared to White, populations. Whether fentanyl has contributed to the rise ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:13 -
First German-speaking harm reduction conference in Vienna
The first Harm Reduction DACH Conference [DACH = D (Germany), A (Austria), CH (Switzerland)] took place in Vienna on June 23rd, 2023, and focused on tobacco harm reduction. It is the first conference bringing ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:12 -
Enhancing drug checking services for supply monitoring: perspectives on implementation in syringe service programs in the USA
Shifts in the US drug supply, including the proliferation of synthetic opioids and emergence of xylazine, have contributed to the worsening toll of the overdose epidemic. Drug checking services offer a critica...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:11 -
Prevalence, correlates, and quality-of-life outcomes of major or persistent pain among women living with HIV in Metro Vancouver, Canada
While women living with HIV (WLWH) are twice as likely to report severe or undertreated chronic pain compared to men, little is known about pain among WLWH. Our goal was to characterize the correlates of pain ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:10 -
A call to create integrated services to better address the needs of migrants who use drugs in Europe
Each year, thousands of migrants enter the EU. Data on drug use in migrant populations are scarce and inconclusive. However, several risk factors make them particularly vulnerable to engaging in problematic dr...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:9 -
Correction: Health workers’ perspectives of hepatitis B-related stigma among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in New South Wales, Australia
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:8 -
Measuring sustainability of opioid agonist therapy programs in the context of transition from Global Fund support
Programmatic and financial sustainability of health responses dependent on donor funding has risen as a major concern. In the HIV field in particular, it generated a number of instruments and assessments on su...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:7 -
People Who Inject Drugs in Mozambique: We need to normalize HIV treatment and care services in specialized community centers for people who inject drugs!
Globally, People Who Inject Drugs (PWID) have limited healthcare, treatment, and prevention services, and they frequently experience stigma and negative attitudes toward healthcare providers when accessing ser...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:6 -
Factors associated with obtaining prescribed safer supply among people accessing harm reduction services: findings from a cross-sectional survey
With growing rates of unregulated drug toxicity death and concerns regarding COVID-19 transmission among people who use drugs, in March 2020, prescribed safer supply guidance was released in British Columbia. ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:5 -
Willingness to use and distribute HIV self-testing kits among people who inject drugs in the San Diego–Tijuana border region
HIV self-testing (HIVST) could increase HIV testing access among people who inject drugs (PWID), and secondary distribution (i.e., peer-delivery) of HIVST kits in PWID social networks could further expand cove...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:4 -
Comment on Rose et al.: the need for responsible collection and reporting of demographic data in drug checking research
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:3 -
The associations between social determinants of health, mental health, substance-use and recidivism: a ten-year retrospective cohort analysis of women who completed the connections programme in Australia
Women with substance-use issues are overrepresented in prison. Research on women’s recidivism often focuses on offending behaviour rather than the health and social circumstances women are experiencing when re...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:2 -
Available but inaccessible: patient experiences during the first 2 years of a primary care-based medical cannabis program at an academic medical center
Medical cannabis use and public acceptance in the United States have increased over the past 25 years. However, access to medical cannabis remains limited, particularly for underserved populations. To understa...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2024 21:1 -
Differences in buprenorphine prescribing readiness among primary care professionals with and without X-waiver training in the US
Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD) are effective at preventing overdose and infectious disease but are vastly under-prescribed in the US. For decades, prescribers faced additional training and regulatio...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:180 -
Perceptions of fentanyl among African Americans who misuse opioids: implications for risk reduction
Fentanyl is a powerful synthetic opioid that is 50 times more powerful than heroin and has become ubiquitous in the illicit drug supply in the USA. Studies show that among people who use drugs, fentanyl is som...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:179 -
Associations with experience of non-fatal opioid overdose in British Columbia, Canada: a repeated cross sectional survey study
Lives lost in North America due to the unregulated drug poisoning emergency are preventable and those who survive an opioid overdose may suffer long-term disability. Rates of opioid overdose more than doubled ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:178 -
Harm reduction stories: leveraging graphic medicine to engage veterans in substance use services within the VA
Harm reduction strategies can decrease morbidity and mortality associated with substance use. Various barriers limit conversation around substance use between clinicians and patients. Graphic medicine techniqu...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:177 -
Exploring the subjective experience of rave party participants in Israel who consume psychedelic drugs: a qualitative inquiry
Rave music parties (RMP) are a world-wide socio-cultural phenomenon, where people listen to rave music while frequently consuming psychedelic drugs. Epidemiological studies have emphasized the hazardous conseq...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:176 -
Assessment of two brands of fentanyl test strips with 251 synthetic opioids reveals “blind spots” in detection capabilities
Fentanyl test strips (FTS) are a commonly deployed tool in drug checking, used to test for the presence of fentanyl in street drug samples prior to consumption. Previous reports indicate that in addition to fe...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:175 -
First drug-checking study at an electronic festival and fentanyl detection in the central region of Mexico
Perception of drug adulteration has increased in Mexico, but there is little research on adulterants and toxicity. The aim of this study was to identify drug composition in an electronic music outdoor festival...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:174 -
Examining the benefit of a higher maintenance dose of extended-release buprenorphine in opioid-injecting participants treated for opioid use disorder
BUP-XR (SUBLOCADE®) is the first buprenorphine extended-release subcutaneous injection approved in the USA for monthly treatment of moderate-to-severe opioid use disorder (OUD). Among patients with OUD, those who...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:173 -
A step change model analysis of the establishment of pill testing in one Australian jurisdiction
This paper applies the theory of change model (Kotter in Harv Bus Rev 2:59–67, 1995; Moore et al. in Viet Nam J Public Health 1(1):66–75, 2013) to describe the pathway that lead to Australia’s first pill testi...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:172 -
Bystander preference for naloxone products: a field experiment
Bystander administration of naloxone is a critical strategy to mitigate opioid overdose mortality. To ensure bystanders’ willingness to carry and administer naloxone in response to a suspected overdose, it is ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:171 -
Correction: Reducing the harms of xylazine: clinical approaches, research deficits, and public health context
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:170 -
A rapid review of current engagement strategies with people who use drugs in monitoring and reporting on substance use-related harms
The Canadian drug supply has significantly increased in toxicity over the past few years, resulting in the worsening of the overdose crisis. A key initiative implemented during this crisis has been data monito...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:169 -
“It’s starting to weigh on me”: Exploring the Experiences and Support Needs of Harm Reduction Staff in Connecticut using the Social-Ecological Model
The experiences and perceived support needs of harm reduction workers in the USA have been understudied. While previous research has explored staff burnout and role-related stress, there is a research gap arou...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:168 -
The impact of exposure to physical and sexual violence on opioid consequences among trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids
Interpersonal violence and opioid use disorder are significant and intersecting public health concerns in the USA. The current study evaluated the consequences associated with opioid use (e.g., physical, socia...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:167 -
“I’m not going to lay back and watch somebody die”: a qualitative study of how people who use drugs’ naloxone experiences are shaped by rural risk environment and overdose education/naloxone distribution intervention
Overdoses have surged in rural areas in the U.S. and globally for years, but harm reduction interventions have lagged. Overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs reduce overdose mortality, bu...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:166 -
Effects of a social network intervention on HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: moderation by network gender composition
Women who inject drugs in Ukraine are disproportionately burdened by HIV. To help address the needs of this population, a greater understanding of how interventions may uniquely benefit women who inject drugs ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:165 -
Prevalence and correlates of violence among sexual and injecting partners of people who inject drugs living with HIV in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
In Kenya, violence is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV and their sexual and injecting partners and may lead to decreased uptake of HIV services, increased HIV risk behaviors, and inc...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:164 -
Implementing harm reduction kits in an office-based addiction treatment program
The rising rates of drug use-related complications call for a paradigm shift in the care for people who use drugs. While addiction treatment and harm reduction have historically been siloed in the US, co-locat...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:163