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  1. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, overdose rates in North America have continued to rise, with more than 100,000 drug poisoning deaths in the past year. Amidst an increasingly toxic drug supply, the pa...

    Authors: Kaitlyn Jaffe, Sarin Blawatt, Eisha Lehal, Kurt Lock, Adam Easterbrook, Scott MacDonald, Scott Harrison, Julie Lajeunesse, David Byres, Martin Schechter and Eugenia Oviedo-Joekes
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:51
  2. People who inject drugs (PWID) and prisoners are considered key populations at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and/or Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). In 2016, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS ...

    Authors: H. Stöver, A. Dichtl, D. Schäffer and M. Grabski
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:50
  3. Harm reduction services that employ or are operated by people who use drugs are an effective means of mitigating overdose risks and other drug-related harms. However, stereotypes portraying people who use crim...

    Authors: Tamar Austin, Jennifer Lavalley, Sylvia Parusel, Alexandra B. Collins, Michelle Olding and Jade Boyd
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:49
  4. Despite advancements in hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, low uptake among hard-to-reach populations remains a global issue. The current study aimed to assess the feasibility of a modified same-day test-and-t...

    Authors: Muhammad Radzi Abu Hassan, Huan-Keat Chan, Mahani Nordin, Ranimah Yahya, Wan Ruzilasalwa Wan Sulaiman, Siti Aminah Akbar Merican, Darisah Lah, Xiaohui Sem and Sonjelle Shilton
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:48

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:67

  5. People with Opioid Use Disorder (PWOUD) represent an underserved and marginalized population for whom treatment gaps exist. Low-barrier programs like mobile care units and street outreach programs have yielded...

    Authors: Richard Gadomski, Snehal Bhatt, Jessica Gross, Juan Antonio Dixon, Phillip Fiuty, Max Shapiro, Rafael Fernandez-Mancha and Julie Salvador
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:47
  6. Drug-related deaths in Scotland are the highest in Europe. Half of all deaths in people experiencing homelessness are drug related, yet we know little about the unmet health needs of people experiencing homele...

    Authors: Richard Lowrie, Andrew McPherson, Frances S. Mair, Kate Stock, Caitlin Jones, Donogh Maguire, Vibhu Paudyal, Clare Duncan, Becky Blair, Cian Lombard, Steven Ross, Fiona Hughes, Jane Moir, Ailsa Scott, Frank Reilly, Laura Sills…
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:46
  7. Evidence on the social determinants of mental health conditions and violence among people who inject or use drugs (PWUD) is limited, particularly in conflict-affected countries. We estimated the prevalence of ...

    Authors: Khine Wut Yee Kyaw, Lucy Platt, Murdo Bijl, Sujit D. Rathod, Aung Yu Naing and Bayard Roberts
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:45
  8. Illicit substance use has constantly evolved over the years, particularly in the party scene. Monitoring these changes is essential to adapt harm reduction strategies. The OCTOPUS survey was implemented to enh...

    Authors: Marion Istvan, Vincent Bresdin, Marie Mainguy, Pauline Laigo, Marie Grall-Bronnec, Vincent Eudeline, Jean-Emmanuel Guillet, Manon Guillo, Laurent Babonnaud, Pascale Jolliet, Benoit Schreck and Caroline Victorri-Vigneau
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:43
  9. A precipitous decline in health status among people recently released from prison is common. In Victoria, Australia, opioid agonist treatment (OAT) in the community involves frequent contact with primary care,...

    Authors: Michael Curtis, Anna L. Wilkinson, Paul Dietze, Ashleigh C. Stewart, Stuart A. Kinner, Rebecca J. Winter, Campbell Aitken, Shelley J. Walker, Reece D. Cossar, Tony Butler and Mark Stoové
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:42
  10. Opioid-involved overdose continues to rise, largely explained by fentanyl adulteration of the illicit opioid supply. Fentanyl test strips are a novel drug checking tool that can be used by people who use drugs...

    Authors: Alyssa Shell Tilhou, Jen Zaborek, Amelia Baltes, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Julia Malicki and Randall Brown
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:41
  11. Opioids were implicated in approximately 88,000 fatal overdoses (OD) globally. However, in principle all opioid OD are reversible with the timely administration of naloxone hydrochloride. Despite the widesprea...

    Authors: Josh Dumbrell, Hadi Daneshvar, Alberto Oteo, Alexander Baldacchino and Catriona Matheson
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:40
  12. Drug checking is increasingly being explored outside of festivals and events to be an ongoing service within communities, frequently integrated within responses to illicit drug overdose. The choice of instrume...

    Authors: Lea Gozdzialski, Bruce Wallace and Dennis Hore
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:39
  13. Since the emergence of fentanyl in the drug market, syringe services programs (SSPs) have been at the forefront of providing life-saving tools such as naloxone and fentanyl test strips to people who use drugs ...

    Authors: Nisha Beharie, Adelya Urmanche and Alex Harocopos
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:38
  14. Distribution of naloxone and training on its proper use are evidence-based strategies for preventing opioid overdose deaths. In-person naloxone training was conducted in major metropolitan areas and urban cent...

    Authors: Charles W. Mathias, Diana M. Cavazos, Kelly McGlothen-Bell, Allison D. Crawford, Brieanna Flowers-Joseph, Zhan Wang and Lisa M. Cleveland
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:37
  15. Persons who inject drugs (PWID) commonly experience venous degradation as a complication of prolonged injection, which makes routine phlebotomy difficult. Clients may decline care due to the perceived lack of ...

    Authors: Michael Huyck, Stockton Mayer, Sarah Messmer, Charles Yingling and Shirley Stephenson
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:36
  16. The objective of this study was to examine international literature to identify best practices for treatment of opioid dependence in Indigenous contexts.

    Authors: Rita Henderson, Ashley McInnes, Ava Danyluk, Iskotoah’ka Wadsworth, Bonnie Healy and Lindsay Crowshoe
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:34
  17. Community-based harm reduction vending machines (HRVM) are not new to the field of public health; numerous countries have implemented them in response to the needs of people who use drugs over the last three d...

    Authors: Erin Russell, Jessica Johnson, Zach Kosinski, Callie Kaplan, Nicole Barnes, Sean Allen and Emily Haroz
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:33
  18. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the ongoing overdose crisis in the United States (US) and caused significant mental health strain and burnout among health care workers (HCW). Harm reduction, overdose prevention...

    Authors: Ijeoma C. Unachukwu, Matthew P. Abrams, Abby Dolan, Kehinde Oyekemi, Zachary F. Meisel, Eugenia C. South and Shoshana V. Aronowitz
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:32
  19. During COVID-19, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) allowed Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) programs to relax in-person MMT requirements to reduce COVID-19 exposure. T...

    Authors: Sarah Brothers, Adam Palayew, Caty Simon, Abby Coulter, Knina Strichartz, Nick Voyles and Louise Vincent
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:31
  20. Alerts about changes in unregulated drug markets may be useful for supporting health and community workers to anticipate, prevent, and respond to unexpected adverse drug events. This study aimed to establish f...

    Authors: Rita Brien, Isabelle Volpe, Jasmin Grigg, Tom Lyons, Caitlin Hughes, Ginny McKinnon, Stephanie Tzanetis, Sione Crawford, Alan Eade, Nicole Lee and Monica J. Barratt
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:30

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:57

  21. Although naloxone is widely acknowledged as a life-saving intervention and a critical tool for first responders, there remains a need to explore how law enforcement officers have adapted to a shifting scope of...

    Authors: Danielle Lloyd, Kirsten Rowe, Shu-Yin John Leung, Elham Pourtaher and Kitty Gelberg
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:29
  22. Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have disproportionately high rates of unintended pregnancy. Reducing harm associated with this risk and its biopsychosocial consequences requires evidence-based, ...

    Authors: Emily A. Hurley, Kathy Goggin, Kimberly Piña-Brugman, Janelle R. Noel-MacDonnell, Andrea Allen, Sarah Finocchario-Kessler and Melissa K. Miller
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:28
  23. Globally, 9% of people who inject drugs (PWID), a key hepatitis C-infected population, reside in sub-Saharan Africa. In South Africa, hepatitis C seroprevalence in PWID is high. It is almost 84% in Pretoria an...

    Authors: Elaine Saayman, Vanessa Hechter, Ndoliwe Kayuni and Mark W. Sonderup
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:27
  24. Naloxone is a medication that can quickly reverse an opioid overdose. Syringe service programs (SSPs) are community-based prevention programs that provide a range of evidence-based interventions in the USA, in...

    Authors: Barrot H. Lambdin, Lynn Wenger, Ricky Bluthenthal, Tyler S. Bartholomew, Hansel E. Tookes, Paul LaKosky, Savannah O’Neill and Alex H. Kral
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:26
  25. Vending machines for harm reduction (VMHR) are an innovative approach to deliver life-saving materials, information, and treatment for hard-to-reach populations, particularly for persons who inject drugs. The ...

    Authors: Rebecca E. Stewart, Nicholas C. Cardamone, Emily Loscalzo, Rachel French, Collin Lovelace, Winna Koe Mowenn, Ali Tarhini, Linden Lalley-Chareczko, Kathleen A. Brady and David S. Mandell
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:25
  26. Drug overdose mortality is rising precipitously among Black people who use drugs. In NYC, the overdose mortality rate is now highest in Black (38.2 per 100,000) followed by the Latinx (33.6 per 100,000) and wh...

    Authors: Maria R. Khan, Lee Hoff, Luther Elliott, Joy D. Scheidell, John R. Pamplin II, Tarlise N. Townsend, Natalia M. Irvine and Alex S. Bennett
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:24
  27. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, cannabis use social practices often involved sharing prepared cannabis (joints/blunts/cigarettes) and cannabis-related paraphernalia. Previous studies have demonstrated that sha...

    Authors: Ryan D. Assaf, Marjan Javanbakht, Pamina M. Gorbach, Onyebuchi A. Arah, Steven J. Shoptaw and Ziva D. Cooper
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:23
  28. People experiencing homelessness are disproportionately affected by harms related to alcohol use. Indeed, their alcohol dependence is associated with numerous physical and mental health problems along with str...

    Authors: Rossio Motta-Ochoa, Natalia Incio-Serra, Alexandre Brulotte and Jorge Flores-Aranda
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:22
  29. In sub-Saharan Africa many people who inject drugs (PWID) are living with undiagnosed or untreated HIV and experience high levels of poverty and conditions that can contribute to worse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2...

    Authors: Shradha Doshi, Hanley Kingston, Ashley S. Tseng, Bhavna H. Chohan, Betsy Sambai, Brandon L. Guthrie, Aliza Monroe-Wise, Loice W. Mbogo, Sarah Masyuko, Khai Hoan Tram, William Sinkele, Paul Macharia, David Bukusi, Joshua T. Herbeck and Carey Farquhar
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:21
  30. Scotland has one of the highest rates of drug-related deaths (DRDs) per capita in Europe, the majority of which involve opioids. Naloxone is a medication used to reverse opioid-related overdoses. In efforts to...

    Authors: Elizabeth M. Speakman, Peter Hillen, Inga Heyman, Jennifer Murray, Nadine Dougall, Elizabeth V. Aston and Andrew McAuley
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:20
  31. One of the objectives of cannabis legalization in Canada is to transition consumers from the illegal to the legal market. Little is known about how legal sourcing varies across different cannabis product types...

    Authors: Elle Wadsworth, Vicki Rynard, Pete Driezen, Tom P. Freeman, Marta Rychert, Chris Wilkins, Wayne Hall, Robert Gabrys and David Hammond
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:19
  32. Receptive injection equipment sharing (i.e., injecting with syringes, cookers, rinse water previously used by another person) plays a central role in the transmission of infectious diseases (e.g., HIV, viral h...

    Authors: Sean T. Allen, Kristin E. Schneider, Miles Morris, Saba Rouhani, Samantha J. Harris, Brendan Saloner and Susan G. Sherman
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:18
  33. Despite the widespread availability of naloxone, US opioid overdose rates continue to rise. The “Cascade of Care” (CoC) is a public health approach that identifies steps in achieving specific outcomes and has ...

    Authors: Zofia Kozak, Daniel Ciccarone, Johannes Thrul, Thomas O. Cole, Alexander L. Pappas, Aaron D. Greenblatt, Christopher Welsh, Mark Yoon, Donald Gann Jr., E. Erin Artigiani, Eric D. Wish and Annabelle M. Belcher
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:17
  34. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for all people at substantial risk of HIV as part of combination prevention. The extent to which this recommendation has been...

    Authors: Graham Shaw, Robin Schaefer, Heather-Marie A Schmidt, Annie Madden, Judy Chang, Antons Mozalevskis, Busisiwe Msimanga-Radebe, Nabeel Mangadan Konath, Annette Verster, Rachel Baggaley, Michelle Rodolph and Virginia Macdonald
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:16
  35. To inform the development of updated World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on simplified service delivery for HCV infection, a global survey was undertaken among people affected or infected by HCV. The ob...

    Authors: M. Di Ciaccio, V. Villes, C. Perfect, J. L. El Kaim, M. Donatelli, C. James, P. Easterbrook and R. M. Delabre
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:15
  36. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected structurally vulnerable populations including people who use drugs (PWUD). Increased overdose risk behaviors among PWUD during the pandemic have be...

    Authors: Lisa Frueh, Alexandra B. Collins, Roxxanne Newman, Nancy P. Barnett, Josiah D. Rich, Melissa A. Clark, Brandon D. L. Marshall and Alexandria Macmadu
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:14
  37. Fragmented state laws have impacted cannabis uptake and perceptions in the USA. Little research has explored the attitudes, beliefs, and social network influences of young Black men who have sex with men (BMSM...

    Authors: Rey Flores, Jared Kerman, John Schneider and Nina Harawa
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:13
  38. Syringe service programs (SSPs) deliver critical harm reduction services to people who inject drugs (PWID). Some SSPs in New York State received enhanced funding to provide additional services to combat opioid...

    Authors: Mercy Ude, Czarina N. Behrends, Shea Kelly, Bruce R. Schackman, Allan Clear, Rebecca Goldberg, Kitty Gelberg and Shashi N. Kapadia
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:12
  39. The criminalization of sex work and drug use creates unequal power dynamics easily exploited by police. Women who exchange sex (WES) in settings around the globe have reported coerced sex and sexual assault by...

    Authors: Danielle Friedman Nestadt, Kristin E. Schneider, Catherine Tomko and Susan G. Sherman
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:11
  40. Gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) are overrepresented in cohorts of people who inject drugs. GBMSM’s substance use is usually explored in the context of its contribution to sexual risk....

    Authors: Sophia E. Schroeder, A. L. Wilkinson, D. O’Keefe, A. Bourne, J. S. Doyle, M. Hellard, P. Dietze and A. Pedrana
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:9
  41. Drug use is a critical behavioral disorder or a delinquency behavior (in the judiciary system's words) that comes with a burden at multiple levels: individual, community, public, and global. These social struc...

    Authors: S. Ali Shafiee, AbouAli Vedadhir and Emran Razaghi
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:8
  42. Stigma and other barriers limit harm reduction practice integration by clinicians within acute psychiatric settings. The objective of our study was to explore mental health clinician attitudes towards substanc...

    Authors: Angela Russolillo, Meijiao Guan, Elizabeth J. Dogherty, Maja Kolar, Jennifer Du, Elísabet Brynjarsdóttir and Michelle Carter
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:7
  43. Black individuals in the USA face disproportionate increases in rates of fatal opioid overdose despite federal efforts to mitigate the opioid crisis. The aim of this study was to examine what drives increases ...

    Authors: Devin E. Banks, Alex Duello, Maria E. Paschke, Sheila R. Grigsby and Rachel P. Winograd
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:5
  44. Adherence to daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART) and regular clinic appointments can be challenging for individuals who experience adverse social determinants of health. Long-acting injectable ART administ...

    Authors: Laura Fletcher, Shana A. B. Burrowes, Ghulam Karim Khan, Lora Sabin, Samantha Johnson, Simeon D. Kimmel, Glorimar Ruiz-Mercado, Cassandra Pierre and Mari-Lynn Drainoni
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:4
  45. Drug alerts designed for health and community workforces have potential to avert acute harms associated with unpredictable illicit drug markets, by preparing workers to respond to unusual drug-related events, ...

    Authors: Isabelle Volpe, Rita Brien, Jasmin Grigg, Stephanie Tzanetis, Sione Crawford, Tom Lyons, Nicole Lee, Ginny McKinnon, Caitlin Hughes, Alan Eade and Monica J. Barratt
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:3

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:55

  46. Harm Reduction (HR) policies for People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) have a significant positive impact on their health. Such approaches limit the spread of infections and reduce opioid overdose mortality. These polic...

    Authors: Magally Torres-Leguizamon, Jamie Favaro, Dan Coello, Emmanuel G. Reynaud, Thomas Néfau and Catherine Duplessy
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:1