Articles
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Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:170
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A rapid review of current engagement strategies with people who use drugs in monitoring and reporting on substance use-related harms
The Canadian drug supply has significantly increased in toxicity over the past few years, resulting in the worsening of the overdose crisis. A key initiative implemented during this crisis has been data monito...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:169 -
“It’s starting to weigh on me”: Exploring the Experiences and Support Needs of Harm Reduction Staff in Connecticut using the Social-Ecological Model
The experiences and perceived support needs of harm reduction workers in the USA have been understudied. While previous research has explored staff burnout and role-related stress, there is a research gap arou...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:168 -
The impact of exposure to physical and sexual violence on opioid consequences among trauma-exposed individuals recruited from the community who use opioids
Interpersonal violence and opioid use disorder are significant and intersecting public health concerns in the USA. The current study evaluated the consequences associated with opioid use (e.g., physical, socia...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:167 -
“I’m not going to lay back and watch somebody die”: a qualitative study of how people who use drugs’ naloxone experiences are shaped by rural risk environment and overdose education/naloxone distribution intervention
Overdoses have surged in rural areas in the U.S. and globally for years, but harm reduction interventions have lagged. Overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs reduce overdose mortality, bu...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:166 -
Effects of a social network intervention on HIV seroconversion among people who inject drugs in Ukraine: moderation by network gender composition
Women who inject drugs in Ukraine are disproportionately burdened by HIV. To help address the needs of this population, a greater understanding of how interventions may uniquely benefit women who inject drugs ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:165 -
Prevalence and correlates of violence among sexual and injecting partners of people who inject drugs living with HIV in Kenya: a cross-sectional study
In Kenya, violence is common among people who inject drugs (PWID) living with HIV and their sexual and injecting partners and may lead to decreased uptake of HIV services, increased HIV risk behaviors, and inc...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:164 -
Implementing harm reduction kits in an office-based addiction treatment program
The rising rates of drug use-related complications call for a paradigm shift in the care for people who use drugs. While addiction treatment and harm reduction have historically been siloed in the US, co-locat...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:163 -
Supervised on-site dosing in injectable opioid agonist treatment-considering the patient perspective. Findings from a cross-sectional interview study in two German cities
Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT) is an effective option to support people living with opioid use disorder (OUD) who have not sufficiently benefitted from oral OAT. However, iOAT has been criticised b...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:162 -
Online interventions and virtual day centres for young people who use drugs: potential for harm reduction?
The methodological part of the large-scale study on the psychosocial distress of young people in Slovenia focused on vulnerable young people who use drugs and explored the potential of online interventions in ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:161 -
The utilization and delivery of safer smoking practices and services: a narrative synthesis of the literature
Providing sterile drug smoking materials to people who use drugs can prevent the acquisition of infectious diseases and reduce overdose risk. However, there is a lack of understanding of how these practices ar...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:160 -
“That’s why we’re speaking up today”: exploring barriers to overdose fatality prevention in Indianapolis’ Black community with semi-structured interviews
Opioid overdose deaths are of great concern to public health, with over one million lives lost since 1999. While many efforts have been made to mitigate these, Black communities continue to experience a greate...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:159 -
“As safe as possible”: a qualitative study of opioid withdrawal and risk behavior among people who use illegal opioids
Opioid withdrawal is a regular occurrence among many people who use illicit opioids (PWUIO) that has also been shown to increase their willingness to engage in risk-involved behavior. The proliferation of fent...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:158 -
Houselessness and syringe service program utilization among people who inject drugs in eight rural areas across the USA: a cross-sectional analysis
Research conducted in urban areas has highlighted the impact of housing instability on people who inject drugs (PWID), revealing that it exacerbates vulnerability to drug-related harms and impedes syringe serv...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:157 -
Peer-led safer supply and opioid agonist treatment medication distribution: a case study from rural British Columbia
British Columbia (BC) has been facing a public health emergency of overdose since 2016, with rural regions of the province facing the highest rates of death. Peers (in this case, people with lived experience o...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:156 -
Perceived harms and protective behavioural strategies among khat chewers: a qualitative study in Jimma, Ethiopia
While there have been many previous studies focusing on the adverse effects of khat chewing, attempts to investigate the protective behavioural strategies (PBS) employed by the khat using population are rare. ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:155 -
Insights from the scale-up and implementation of the Deadly Liver Mob program across nine sites in New South Wales, Australia, according to the RE-AIM framework
The Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) program is a peer-led health promotion program that aims to improve access to screening and treatment for blood borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections for Aboriginal and...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:154 -
Evaluating a complex health promotion program to reduce hepatitis C among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in New South Wales, Australia: the Deadly Liver Mob
The Deadly Liver Mob (DLM) is a peer-delivered incentivised health promotion program by and for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, and was introduced in response to the disproportionate number ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:153 -
Racial/ethnic differences in receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs in New York City
We evaluated racial/ethnic differences in the receipt of naloxone distributed by opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) in New York City (NYC).
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:152 -
A qualitative assessment of key considerations for drug checking service implementation
With many drug-related deaths driven by potent synthetic opioids tainting the illicit drug supply, drug checking services are becoming a key harm reduction strategy. Many drug checking technologies are availab...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:151 -
Examining buprenorphine diversion through a harm reduction lens: an agent-based modeling study
Recent policies have lessened restrictions around prescribing buprenorphine-naloxone (buprenorphine) for the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD). The primary concern expressed by critics of these policies i...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:150 -
Willingness to use a drug consumption room among people who use drugs in Lyon, France, a city with no open scene of drug use (the TRABOUL survey)
Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) have been developed in cities with open drug scenes, with the aim to reduce drug-related harm. In Lyon, France's second-largest city, there is no distinct drug use area, which rai...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:149 -
Main problems experienced by the neighbors of open drug scenes, Tehran, Iran: a mixed-method study
Despite law enforcement and health interventions, open drug scenes have led to problems in many countries. The problems are, however, insufficiently explored. There are different types of drug scenes in Iran. ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:148 -
Patterns of flavored e-cigarette use among adult vapers in the USA: an online cross-sectional survey of 69,233 participants
Flavored e-cigarettes remain a controversial topic with regulators planning or already implementing restrictions worldwide. In this study, we examined patterns of flavor use in e-cigarettes among a convenience...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:147 -
Harm reduction social work with people who use drugs: a qualitative interview study with social workers in harm reduction services in Sweden
Social work with people who use drugs (PWUD) has traditionally focused on abstinence and rehabilitation. In recent years, harm reduction has gained an increasingly more important role in social work with PWUD,...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:146 -
Awareness and willingness to use HIV self-testing among people who inject drugs in Iran
Most people who inject drugs (PWID) in Iran have not undergone recent HIV testing. While PWID face barriers when seeking HIV testing at health facilities, HIV self-testing (HIVST) could be a promising approach...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:145 -
Naloxone prescriptions among patients with a substance use disorder and a positive fentanyl urine drug screen presenting to the emergency department
Over 109,000 people in the USA died from a drug overdose in 2022. More alarming is the amount of drug overdose deaths involving synthetic opioids other than methadone (SOOM), primarily fentanyl. From 2015 to 2...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:144 -
Respiratory health effects of e-cigarette substitution for tobacco cigarettes: a systematic review
E-cigarettes (electronic nicotine delivery system, ENDS) have been presented as a harm reduction strategy for people who smoke tobacco cigarettes but who cannot achieve abstinence, or for those who wish to con...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:143 -
Reported adverse events related to use of hepatitis C virus direct-acting antivirals with opioids: 2017–2021
Due to concerns over potential interactions between some hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) and opioids, we describe adverse event (AE) reports of concomitant use of opioids and DAAs.
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:142 -
Reducing the harms of xylazine: clinical approaches, research deficits, and public health context
Xylazine has emerged as a consistent part of the unregulated drug supply in recent months. We discuss major domains of xylazine’s harm, current knowledge deficits, clinical and harm reduction strategies for mi...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:141 -
Managing high-risk behaviours and challenges to prevent housing loss in permanent supportive housing: a rapid review
Permanent supportive housing is an effective intervention for stably housing most people experiencing homelessness and mental illness who have complex support needs. However, high-risk behaviours and challenge...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:140 -
How an emergency department is organized to provide opioid-specific harm reduction and facilitators and barriers to harm reduction implementation: a systems perspective
The intersection of dual public health emergencies—the COVID-19 pandemic and the drug toxicity crisis—has led to an urgent need for acute care based harm reduction for unregulated opioid use. Emergency Departm...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:139 -
High willingness to use overdose prevention sites among suburban people who use drugs who do not inject
Overdose prevention sites (OPS) are evidence-based interventions to improve public health, yet implementation has been limited in the USA due to a variety of legal impediments. Studies in various US settings h...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:138 -
International harm reduction indicators are still not reached: results from a repeated cross-sectional study on drug paraphernalia distribution in Germany, 2021
To prevent the transmission of blood-borne infections and reach the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal to distribute 300 sterile needles and syringes e...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:137 -
Opioid relapse and its predictors among methadone maintenance patients: a multicenter, cross-sectional study in Vietnam
Opioid relapse, one of the common and severe problems during methadone maintenance treatment, can give rise to poor treatment outcomes. This study measured the opioid relapse rate and its associated factors am...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:136 -
Doing community-based research during dual public health emergencies (COVID and overdose)
Meaningful engagement and partnerships with people who use drugs are essential to conducting research that is relevant and impactful in supporting desired outcomes of drug consumption as well as reducing drug-...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:135 -
Stigma and level of familiarity with opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) among specialist physicians in Israel
Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses significant public health problems that have increased dramatically, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality.
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:134 -
Racial disparities in use of syringe service programs in King County, WA: a comparison of two cross-sectional surveys
Syringe service programs (SSPs) provide tools to people who inject drugs (PWID) to prevent overdose, reduce the risk of HIV and HCV infection, and reduce injection frequency. While effective, previous research...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:133 -
Perceptions, intentions, and actual use of a consumer nicotine gum
Little is known about perceptions, use intentions, and behaviors of adults regarding nicotine gum that is marketed and regulated as a consumer product rather than as a medicinal nicotine replacement therapy (N...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:132 -
Public health impact and harm reduction implications of xylazine-involved overdoses: a narrative review
Xylazine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist sedative commonly used in veterinary medicine, is not approved for human use. Nevertheless, xylazine-involved overdose rates have surged in recent years, fueled by an incre...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:131 -
People who inject oral morphine favor experimentation with injectable opioid substitution
The French Addictovigilance network has observed the existence of the intravenous use of oral morphine capsules among people suffering from opioid use disorders. According to persons who inject morphine, these...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:130 -
“It’s like a safety net for when things go wrong”: key stakeholder and program user perspectives on a peer-led safe space program in Sydney, Australia
Safe Spaces are a harm reduction approach commonly utilised in nightlife and festival settings to address alcohol and other drug-related harms. Despite increasing use, there has been little independent evaluat...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:129 -
“Just another thing for me to stress off of”: Responses to unintentional fentanyl use in a community-based study of people who use opioids
The unintentional consumption of fentanyl is a serious health risk for people who use illicit drugs. In an ongoing community-based study regarding polysubstance use among people who use opioids, we found that ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:128 -
Emerging adult perceptions of higher-risk cannabis consumption behaviours
Emerging adults have the highest cannabis consumption rates in Canada and are among the most vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Since certain cannabis consumption behaviours carry greater risks of harm, the...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:127 -
Housing-based syringe services programs to improve access to safer injecting equipment for people who inject drugs in Vancouver, Canada: a spatially oriented qualitative study
Housing environments shape injection drug-related risks and harms and thus represent a critical implementation setting for syringe services programs (SSPs). As critical harm reduction measures, SSPs provide sa...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:126 -
Increasing access to screening for blood-borne viruses and sexually transmissible infections for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians: evaluation of the Deadly Liver Mob program’s ‘cascade of care’ across nine sites in New South Wales, Australia
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are disproportionately impacted by blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Stigma remains one of the key barriers to testing a...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:125 -
Contextual factors affecting the implementation of drug checking for harm reduction: a scoping literature review from a North American perspective
The opioid epidemic continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. In 2020, 83% of opioid-related overdose deaths were due to synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl. Drug checking servi...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:124 -
A Case report of a continuous ambulatory drug delivery (CADD) pump to deliver opioid agonist treatment in an acute care setting
People with substance use disorder are at risk of complications of drug use and frequent hospitalization and may continue to use substances during admission to acute care. Acute care harm reduction strategies ...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:123 -
Availability of telehealth-based services at syringe services programs under the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency
The expanded capacity of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the USA to integrate telehealth services was largely related to flexibility of buprenorphine prescription in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. SSPs...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:122 -
Understandings, attitudes, practices and responses to GHB overdose among GHB consumers
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used at disproportionately high rates within sexuality and gender diverse communities and carries a high risk of overdose. GHB overdose can result in death. Internationally, rece...
Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:121