Are smokers rational addicts? Empirical evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey

Hidayat, Budi; Thabrany, Hasbullah

doi:10.1186/1477-7517-8-6

Harm Reduction Journal

Table 5 Rational addiction cigarette consumption estimates: model comparisons.

From: Are smokers rational addicts? Empirical evidence from the Indonesian Family Life Survey

	Total				Male				Female
	OLS	2SLS	GMM	System GMM	OLS	2SLS	GMM	System GMM	OLS	2SLS	GMM	System GMM
C _t-1	0.244^†	0.520^†	0.521^†	0.846^†	0.238^†	0.485^†	0.487^†	0.790^†	0.415^†	0.114	0.292	1.096^†
	[0.021]	[0.113]	[0.112]	[0.130]	[0.022]	[0.110]	[0.110]	[0.126]	[0.117]	[0.517]	[0.449]	[0.382]
C _t+1	0.318^†	0.133	0.119	-0.749^†	0.315^†	0.137	0.123	-0.761^†	0.293^†	0.866 *	0.806 *	-0.243
	[0.027]	[0.152]	[0.145]	[0.078]	[0.028]	[0.151]	[0.150]	[0.080]	[0.104]	[0.386]	[0.365]	[0.230]
Pc _t0	-0.154^†	-0.118^‡	-0.129^‡	-0.358^†	-0.151^†	-0.127^‡	-0.138^‡	-0.384^†	-0.362	-0.367	-0.289	-0.567
	[0.045]	[0.070]	[0.066]	[0.084]	[0.046]	[0.073]	[0.072]	[0.087]	[0.261]	[0.337]	[0.320]	[0.575]
Pa _t0	0.182^†	0.152^†	0.157^†	0.253^†	0.184^†	0.159^†	0.163^†	0.234^†	0.158	0.019	-0.006	0.448^‡
	[0.019]	[0.035]	[0.035]	[0.060]	[0.019]	[0.037]	[0.037]	[0.062]	[0.110]	[0.139]	[0.133]	[0.225]
Ln-exp	-0.021	-0.016	-0.015	0.023	-0.027	-0.019	-0.017	0.03	0.131	0.286^‡	0.294^‡	0.037
	[0.018]	[0.018]	[0.018]	[0.056]	[0.018]	[0.019]	[0.019]	[0.058]	[0.098]	[0.155]	[0.154]	[0.309]
Constant	0.469*	0.333	0.36	1.455^‡	0.527*	0.422	0.44	1.832*	-0.528	-1.489	-1.966	-1.494
	[0.226]	[0.351]	[0.354]	[0.768]	[0.231]	[0.374]	[0.372]	[0.776]	[1.327]	[1.848]	[1.764]	[2.369]
N	1790	1783	1783	1783	1725	1719	1719	1719	65	64	64	64
R-squared	0.41	0.33	0.33		0.40	0.34	0.34		0.45	0.25	0.27
F-test	181.45^†	104.72^†	81.72^†	27.63^†	171.7^†	79.72^†	80.96^†	26.34^†	9.9^†	5.06^†	5.76^†	2.51^‡
# instruments		12	12	39		12	12	39		12	12	39
# excl. instruments		8	8			8	8			8	8
Short-run elasticity	-0.154	-0.118	-0.129	-0.358	-0.151	-0.127	-0.138	-0.384	-0.362	-0.367	-0.289	-0.567
Long-run elasticity	-0.352	-0.340	-0.358	-0.396	-0.338	-0.336	-0.354	-0.395	-1.240	-18.35	2.949	-3.857
Discount factor	1.303	0.256	0.228	-0.885	1.324	0.282	0.253	-0.963	0.706	7.596	2.760	-0223
Discount rate	-0.233	2.910	3.378	-2.130	-0.244	2.540	2.959	-2.038	0.416	-0.868	-0.638	-5.510

^‡significant at 10%; *significant at 5%; ^†significant at 1%; Robust standard errors in [brackets]
Note: See equation (1): The short run price elasticity is the coefficients estimates of cigarette price, β₃; the long run price elasticity is calculated using the expression $\partial E (L n C_{i t}) / \partial E (L n P c_{i t}) = {\hat{β}}_{3} / (1 - {\hat{β}}_{1} - {\hat{β}}_{2})$ ; and the implied discount factor is β₂/β₁ and the implied discount rate is β₁/β₂-1

Back to article page

ISSN: 1477-7517

Contact us

Submission enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com