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  1. The intersection of dual public health emergencies—the COVID-19 pandemic and the drug toxicity crisis—has led to an urgent need for acute care based harm reduction for unregulated opioid use. Emergency Departm...

    Authors: Sunny Jiao, Vicky Bungay, Emily Jenkins and Marilou Gagnon
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:139
  2. Overdose prevention sites (OPS) are evidence-based interventions to improve public health, yet implementation has been limited in the USA due to a variety of legal impediments. Studies in various US settings h...

    Authors: Kristin E. Schneider, Glenna J. Urquhart, Saba Rouhani, Sean T. Allen, Miles Morris and Susan G. Sherman
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:138
  3. To prevent the transmission of blood-borne infections and reach the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030, the World Health Organization (WHO) has set the goal to distribute 300 sterile needles and syringes e...

    Authors: Franziska Hommes, Amrei Krings, Achim Dörre, Esther Neumeier, Dirk Schäffer and Ruth Zimmermann
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:137
  4. Opioid relapse, one of the common and severe problems during methadone maintenance treatment, can give rise to poor treatment outcomes. This study measured the opioid relapse rate and its associated factors am...

    Authors: Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen and Dai Xuan Dinh
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:136
  5. Meaningful engagement and partnerships with people who use drugs are essential to conducting research that is relevant and impactful in supporting desired outcomes of drug consumption as well as reducing drug-...

    Authors: Phoenix Beck McGreevy, Shawn Wood, Erica Thomson, Charlene Burmeister, Heather Spence, Josh Pelletier, Willow Giesinger, Jenny McDougall, Rebecca McLeod, Abby Hutchison, Kurt Lock, Alexa Norton, Brittany Barker, Karen Urbanoski, Amanda Slaunwhite, Bohdan Nosyk…
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:135
  6. Opioid use disorder (OUD) poses significant public health problems that have increased dramatically, resulting in high rates of morbidity and mortality.

    Authors: Rozner Lihi, Delayahu Yael, Brill Silviu, Sason Anat, Weinstein Marsha, Shoshan Stacy, Schreiber Shaul, Adelson Miriam and Peles Einat
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:134
  7. Syringe service programs (SSPs) provide tools to people who inject drugs (PWID) to prevent overdose, reduce the risk of HIV and HCV infection, and reduce injection frequency. While effective, previous research...

    Authors: Katheryn Salow, Helen E. Jack, Joe Tinsley, Caleb J. Banta-Green, Susan Kingston, Matthew Iles-Shih, Judith I. Tsui and Sara Glick
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:133
  8. Little is known about perceptions, use intentions, and behaviors of adults regarding nicotine gum that is marketed and regulated as a consumer product rather than as a medicinal nicotine replacement therapy (N...

    Authors: Cheryl K. Olson, Neil Sherwood, Maia Berkane, Karin Gilligan and Willie J. McKinney Jr.
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:132
  9. The French Addictovigilance network has observed the existence of the intravenous use of oral morphine capsules among people suffering from opioid use disorders. According to persons who inject morphine, these...

    Authors: Célian Bertin, Philémon Dècle, Pierre Chappard, Perrine Roux and Nicolas Authier
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:130
  10. Safe Spaces are a harm reduction approach commonly utilised in nightlife and festival settings to address alcohol and other drug-related harms. Despite increasing use, there has been little independent evaluat...

    Authors: Phillip Wadds, Christopher M. Doran, Anthony Shakeshaft and Dam Anh Tran
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:129
  11. The unintentional consumption of fentanyl is a serious health risk for people who use illicit drugs. In an ongoing community-based study regarding polysubstance use among people who use opioids, we found that ...

    Authors: Jennifer Lorvick, Jordana L. Hemberg, Madeleine J. George, Joy R. Piontak and Megan L. Comfort
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:128
  12. Emerging adults have the highest cannabis consumption rates in Canada and are among the most vulnerable to cannabis-related harms. Since certain cannabis consumption behaviours carry greater risks of harm, the...

    Authors: Isobel McMahon, Laura M. Harris-Lane, Jennifer Donnan, Lisa Bishop and Nick Harris
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:127
  13. Housing environments shape injection drug-related risks and harms and thus represent a critical implementation setting for syringe services programs (SSPs). As critical harm reduction measures, SSPs provide sa...

    Authors: Koharu Loulou Chayama, Cara Ng, Taylor Fleming, Will Small, Kimberly L. Sue and Ryan McNeil
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:126
  14. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are disproportionately impacted by blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Stigma remains one of the key barriers to testing a...

    Authors: Elena Cama, Kim Beadman, Mitch Beadman, Kerri-Anne Smith, Jade Christian, Aunty Clair Jackson, Beverley Tyson, Clayton Anderson, Larissa Smyth, Jennifer Heslop, Gary Gahan, Victor Tawil, Felicity Sheaves, Louise Maher, Julie Page, Donna Tilley…
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:125
  15. The opioid epidemic continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. In 2020, 83% of opioid-related overdose deaths were due to synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl. Drug checking servi...

    Authors: Chloe Grace Rose, Victoria Kulbokas, Emir Carkovic, Todd A. Lee and A. Simon Pickard
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:124
  16. People with substance use disorder are at risk of complications of drug use and frequent hospitalization and may continue to use substances during admission to acute care. Acute care harm reduction strategies ...

    Authors: Casey Wigg, Amy Nolen, Lisa Jauhal and Malika Sharma
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:123
  17. The expanded capacity of syringe services programs (SSPs) in the USA to integrate telehealth services was largely related to flexibility of buprenorphine prescription in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. SSPs...

    Authors: Tyler S. Bartholomew, Hansel E. Tookes, Teresa A. Chueng, Ricky N. Bluthenthal, Lynn D. Wenger, Alex H. Kral and Barrot H. Lambdin
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:122
  18. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used at disproportionately high rates within sexuality and gender diverse communities and carries a high risk of overdose. GHB overdose can result in death. Internationally, rece...

    Authors: Jack Freestone, Nadine Ezard, Adam Bourne, Jonathan Brett, Darren M. Roberts, Mohamed Hammoud, Anthony Nedanoski, Garrett Prestage and Krista J. Siefried
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:121
  19. Problem opioid use and opioid-related drug overdoses remain a major public health concern despite attempts to reduce and monitor opioid prescriptions and increase access to office-based opioid treatment. Curre...

    Authors: Patrick Kaminski, Brea L. Perry and Harold D. Green Jr.
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:120
  20. The Russian war in Ukraine poses many risks for the spread of HIV, TB and associated conditions, including possible increases in the numbers of people who inject drugs or engage in sex work in the years ahead....

    Authors: Samuel R. Friedman, Pavlo Smyrnov and Tetyana I. Vasylyeva
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:119
  21. Several jurisdictions in Canada have recently considered decriminalizing possession of illicit drugs for personal use (henceforth, simple possession) as part of their responses to the ongoing drug toxicity/ove...

    Authors: Kanna Hayashi, Tyson Singh Kelsall, Caitlin Shane, Zishan Cui, M.-J. Milloy, Kora DeBeck and Thomas Kerr
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:117
  22. Youth (ages 12–24) rarely access services and supports to address substance use concerns. Peer support can facilitate service engagement and has been associated with positive substance use recovery outcomes in...

    Authors: Roxanne Turuba, Ciara Toddington, Miranda Tymoschuk, Anurada Amarasekera, Amanda Madeleine Howard, Violet Brockmann, Corinne Tallon, Sarah Irving, Steve Mathias, J. L. Henderson and Skye Barbic
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:118
  23. Experiences of stigma and discrimination can act as a significant barrier to testing, monitoring, and treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are a population d...

    Authors: Elena Cama, Mitch Beadman, Kim Beadman, Max Hopwood and Carla Treloar
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:116
  24. Khat is an amphetamine-like plant, produced and commonly chewed in Ethiopia by a large group of the population. Although significant multidimensional harms of khat use have been reported, currently, there are ...

    Authors: Kassahun Habtamu, Solomon Teferra and Awoke Mihretu
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:115
  25. Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) among people who inject drugs (PWID) are a public health concern. This study aimed to co-produce and assess the acceptability and feasibility of a behavioural interventio...

    Authors: Joanna Kesten, Deborah Hussey, Catherine Lord, Leonie Roberts, James Bayliss, Helen Erswell, Andrew Preston, Maggie Telfer, Jenny Scott, Magdalena Harris, Dominic Mellon, Matthew Hickman, Georgie MacArthur and Harriet Fisher
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:114
  26. E-cigarettes can potentially be a harm reduction pathway for adults who smoke and who are seeking to make the complete switch from cigarettes. However, often people who smoke believe that e-cigarettes are just...

    Authors: Sherri Jean Katz, Elisia Cohen and Dorothy Hatsukami
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:113
  27. The messages used to communicate about harm reduction are critical in garnering public support for adoption of harm reduction interventions. Despite the demonstrated effectiveness of harm reduction interventio...

    Authors: Sarah A. White, Rachel Lee, Alene Kennedy-Hendricks, Susan G. Sherman and Emma E. McGinty
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:112
  28. Many people with high-risk sexual or injection behaviors use harm reduction services with different identities and are therefore counted more than once in client databases. This practice results in inaccurate ...

    Authors: Fatemeh Tavakoli, Willi Mcfarland, Nima Ghalekhani, Mehrdad Khezri, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Mehdi Gouya, Marzieh Mahboobi, Ali Mohammad Hosseionpour, Ali Komasi, Mehdi Ghorbanian, Nasim Nasiri Moghadam, Maryam Taghipour and Hamid Sharifi
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:111
  29. The opioid crisis continues in full force, as physicians and caregivers are desperate for resources to help patients with opioid use and chronic pain disorders find safer and more accessible non-opioid tools.

    Authors: Krista Hammaker, Nathaniel Weathington, Joseph Maroon, Lawton W. Tang, Brian Donohue, Rachel Yehuda, Kenneth M. Ford, Myro Figura, Ben Kelmendi, Belinda Tan, Matthew W. Cook, Steven D. Factor, Laura Lagano, Henry Patrick Driscoll, Adam S. Howe, EunBit G. Cho…
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:110
  30. Authors: Ilhame Anwar, Cécile Donadille, Camelia Protopopescu, David Michels, Joris Herin, Adélaïde Pladys, Danièle Bader, Patrizia Carrieri and Perrine Roux
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:109

    The original article was published in Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:98

  31. Few studies have analyzed harm reduction behaviors and attitudes among rave party attendees. Since the late 1980s, there has been a large Israeli rave scene, also known as 'Nature Parties'. However, only a few...

    Authors: Hagit Bonny-Noach, Barak Shapira, Pinchas Baumol, Nir Tadmor, Paola Rosca, Stacy Shoshan, Yossi Harel-Fisch and Ariel Caduri
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:108
  32. Voluntary self-exclusion from gambling is a common harm reduction tool in individuals with a gambling disorder. Previous data have demonstrated that many gamblers breach their own self-exclusion, typically thr...

    Authors: A. Håkansson and N. Komzia
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:107
  33. Drug consumption rooms offer heroin and cocaine consumers a secure and hygienic environment including medical and social guidance. Despite the support and mentoring, only sparse information is available about ...

    Authors: Georges Dahm, Karin Roschel, Claude Marson, Adèle Bourmaud, Jennifer Macedo, Mauro Lupo, Lionel Fauchet, Claudia Allar, Raoul Schaaf and Serge Schneider
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:106
  34. There are gaps in our understanding of treatment needs among people who use methamphetamine. We examined the demographics, perceived treatment needs, barriers to accessing care, and stigma experienced by an in...

    Authors: Lochlan Wilson, Niketa Karnik, Jacquelyne Y. Wong, Lyra Barchet, Jitender Sareen, Ahmed Jwely, Nathan Nickel, Geoffrey Konrad, Joshua Nepon and James M. Bolton
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:104
  35. Syringe vending machines (SVM) can improve access to sterile injecting equipment, but they have not been widely implemented or evaluated. We evaluate the cost of SVM installed between July 2019–December 2020 i...

    Authors: Josephine G. Walker, Irma Kirtadze, Mzia Tabatadze, Peter Vickerman and David Otiashvili
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:103
  36. Since 2019, multiple HIV outbreaks occurred among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Minnesota. Syringe service programs (SSPs) are evidence-based programs that reduce the spread of HIV. We conducted an assessm...

    Authors: Adam Palayew, Kelly Knudtson, Sue Purchase, Shayna Clark, Lucia Possehl, Elise Healy, Sarah Deutsch, Courtney A. McKnight, Don Des Jarlais and Sara N. Glick
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:102
  37. The potential public health benefits of supervised smoking facilities (SSFs) are considerable, and yet implementation of SSFs in North America has been slow. We conducted this study to respond to significant k...

    Authors: Jenna van Draanen, Jonah Hamilton, Jeffrey Morgan, Scott Maxwell, Tara Taylor, Lindsey Richardson and Seonaid Nolan
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:101
  38. Alcohol consumption is common among young men and occurs in many contexts. The sexualized substance use literature has generated some insight into the role of alcohol alongside other substances in the context ...

    Authors: Trevor Goodyear, John L. Oliffe, Natasha Parent, Caroline Mniszak, Emily Jenkins and Rod Knight
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:100
  39. People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) have lower vaccination uptake than the general population, and disproportionately experience the burden of harms from vaccine-preventable diseases. We conducted a national qualitati...

    Authors: Farihah Ali, Ashima Kaura, Cayley Russell, Matthew Bonn, Julie Bruneau, Nabarun Dasgupta, Sameer Imtiaz, Valérie Martel-Laferrière, Jürgen Rehm, Rita Shahin and Tara Elton-Marshall
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:99
  40. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence is particularly high in people who inject drugs (PWID), a population that faces many barriers to HCV testing and care. A better understanding of the determinants of...

    Authors: Ilhame Anwar, Cécile Donadille, Camelia Protopopescu, David Michels, Joris Herin, Adélaïde Pladys, Danièle Bader, Patrizia Carrieri and Perrine Roux
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:98

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:109

  41. Significant heterogeneity exists among people who use drugs (PWUD). We identify distinct profiles of syringe service program (SSP) clients to (a) evaluate differential risk factors across subgroups and (b) inf...

    Authors: Kyle J. Moon, Ian Bryant, Anne Trinh, Kathryn A. Hasenstab, Brittany Carter, Rick Barclay and Saira Nawaz
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:97
  42. 3-methylmethcathinone (3-MMC) has been available on the European drug market for several years, but an increase in its availability seems to have occurred around 2020, associated with reports of harm and death...

    Authors: Théo Willeman, Nathan Grundig, Christine Pochon, David Michels, Nicolas Charpentier, Hélène Eysseric-Guérin, Nathalie Fouilhé Sam-Lai, Françoise Stanke-Labesque and Bruno Revol
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:96
  43. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment can effectively cure HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID). Perspectives of PWID treated in innovative models can reveal program features that address barriers to treatment...

    Authors: Shashi N. Kapadia, Yesenia Aponte-Melendez, Alicia Rodriguez, Melinda Pai, Benjamin J. Eckhardt, Kristen M. Marks, Chunki Fong and Pedro Mateu-Gelabert
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:95
  44. Scotland currently has the highest rates of drug-related deaths in Europe, so drug checking services are being explored due to their potential role in reducing these deaths and related harms. Drug checking ser...

    Authors: Hannah Carver, Danilo Falzon, Wendy Masterton, Bruce Wallace, Elizabeth V. Aston, Fiona Measham, Carole Hunter, Harry Sumnall, Rosalind Gittins, Fiona Raeburn, Vicki Craik, Saket Priyadarshi, Laura Rothney, Kira Weir and Tessa Parkes
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:94
  45. Despite high rates of harm attributable to alcohol use itself and the associated marginalization of illicit drinkers in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside (DTES), alcohol-specific harm reduction services there are ...

    Authors: Aaron Bailey, Brittany Graham, Myles Harps and George Sedore
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:93
  46. Supported accommodation intends to address challenges arising following release from prison; however, impact of services, and of specific service components, is unclear. We describe key characteristics of supp...

    Authors: Daisy Gibbs, Emily Stockings, Sarah Larney, Daniel J. Bromberg, Anthony Shakeshaft and Sara Farnbach
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:91
  47. Opioid use disorder (OUD) is overrepresented among people with criminal justice involvement; HIV is a common comorbidity in this population. This study aimed to examine how formerly incarcerated men living wit...

    Authors: Yangxi An, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Urvisha Bhoora, Pretty Ndini, Derrick Moyo, Laura Steiner, Sukholuhle Tshuma, Tonderai Mabuto, Jannie Hugo, Jill Owczarzak and Tessa S. Marcus
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2023 20:90