Table 3 Study outcomes and adjustments

Hagan 1995 [40]

Odds ratio

y

Sex, race/ethnicity, duration of drug injecting

0.14

0.03

0.62

Hagan 2004 [41]

Hazard ratio

n

1.40

0.90

1.90

Holtzman 2009 [42]

Odds ratio

y

Sex, age in years, race/ethnicity, education, source of income, site, study time period, injection risk behaviors, and HIV serostatus

1.49

0.96

2.29

Patrick 2001 [43]

Hazard ratio

y

Not described

2.56

1.37

4.79

Roy 2007 [44]

hazard ratio

n

3.02

0.18

Todd 2015 [45]

Hazard ratio

n

1.72

1.07

2.76