Table 3 Study outcomes and adjustments
| 95% CI | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study | Outcome | Adjusted | Adjustments | Estimate | Lower | Upper | p |
| Hagan 1995 [40] | Odds ratio | y | Sex, race/ethnicity, duration of drug injecting | 0.14 | 0.03 | 0.62 | |
| Hagan 2004 [41] | Hazard ratio | n | 1.40 | 0.90 | 1.90 | ||
| Holtzman 2009 [42] | Odds ratio | y | Sex, age in years, race/ethnicity, education, source of income, site, study time period, injection risk behaviors, and HIV serostatus | 1.49 | 0.96 | 2.29 | |
| Patrick 2001 [43] | Hazard ratio | y | Not described | 2.56 | 1.37 | 4.79 | |
| Roy 2007 [44] | hazard ratio | n | 3.02 | 0.18 | |||
| Todd 2015 [45] | Hazard ratio | n | 1.72 | 1.07 | 2.76 | ||