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Table 5 Associated factors

From: Stigma against patients with HIV/AIDS in the rapid expansion of antiretroviral treatment in large drug injection-driven HIV epidemics of Vietnam

 

Blame/Judge

Shame

Discrimination

Disclosure

Fear of HIV infection

OR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

OR

95 CI

Gender (Male–ref)

Female

    

1.36*

(0.95–1.93)

    

Education (Illiterate)

Secondary school

      

0.37***

(0.21–0.68)

  

High school

  

0.35**

(0.14–0.86)

  

0.22***

(0.07–0.70)

  

Marital status (Single–ref)

Live with spouse/partner

    

0.72*

(0.51–1.01)

1.91**

(1.10–3.33)

  

Religion (Cult of ancestors–ref)

Buddhism

        

2.60***

(1.32–5.12)

Catholic

  

1.77*

(0.97–3.23)

  

0.35**

(0.15–0.80)

  

Employment (Unemployed–ref)

White collars

    

0.17***

(0.05–0.58)

    

Workers, Farmers

  

1.34*

(0.95–1.88)

1.39*

(0.95–2.03)

    

Other

  

2.33***

(1.30–4.18)

    

0.51*

(0.24–1.06)

Self-reported health problems

Having problem with mobility (Yes vs No)

1.88***

(1.20–2.93)

    

0.49**

(0.27–0.91)

  

Pain or discomfort (Yes vs No)

    

1.73***

(1.17–2.56)

    

Anxiety or depression (Yes vs No)

  

1.77***

(1.29–2.41)

1.74***

(1.18–2.58)

0.23***

(0.11–0.48)

1.42**

(1.03–1.97)

HIV period (No symptom–ref)

Have symptom

  

1.47*

(0.99–2.18)

      

AIDS

    

1.70**

(1.02–2.85)

    

Unknown

  

0.72*

(0.51–1.00)

0.49***

(0.33–0.74)

2.21**

(1.06–4.58)

0.54***

(0.38–0.77)

Peer-to-peer meeting (No–ref)

Yes

        

0.73**

(0.54–0.98)

Disclosure (No–ref)

Yes

    

3.82***

(1.84–7.95)

  

3.21***

(1.59–6.50)

Age

0.96***

(0.94–0.99)

0.98*

(0.96–1.00)

      

VAS

0.97***

(0.96–0.98)

0.99***

(0.98–0.99)

0.98***

(0.97–0.99)

  

0.98***

(0.97–0.99)

  1. ***p < 0.01; **p < 0.05; *p < 0.1
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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517