Sex
|
Male
|
49.0
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Female
|
44.6
|
0.84 (0.77–0.91)***
|
0.93 (0.84–1.04)
|
0.93 (0.84–1.04)
|
0.92 (0.83–1.03)
|
0.93 (0.83–1.03)
|
Transgender
|
47.1
|
0.93 (0.53–1.61)
|
0.74 (0.38–1.45)
|
0.74 (0.38–1.43)
|
0.67 (0.35–1.30)
|
0.68 (0.35–1.31)
|
Age
|
21–24
|
56.4
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
25–34
|
45.6
|
0.65 (0.59–0.72)***
|
1.01 (0.87–1.18)
|
1.01 (0.87–1.18)
|
1.02 (0.87–1.19)
|
1.02 (0.87–1.19)
|
35–44
|
38.2
|
0.48 (0.42–0.54)***
|
0.93 (0.75–1.15)
|
0.93 (0.75–1.16)
|
0.93 (0.75–1.16)
|
0.93 (0.75–1.16)
|
45–54
|
38.6
|
0.49 (0.42–0.57)***
|
1.10 (0.84–1.46)
|
1.11 (0.84–1.46)
|
1.11 (0.84–1.46)
|
1.10 (0.84–1.46)
|
55–64
|
46.9
|
0.68 (0.57–0.83)***
|
0.91 (0.63–1.30)
|
0.90 (0.63–1.29)
|
0.91 (0.63–1.31)
|
0.91 (0.63–1.31)
|
≥ 65
|
28.4
|
0.31 (0.20–0.48)***
|
0.91 (0.47–1.75)
|
0.90 (0.47–1.74)
|
0.92 (0.48–1.76)
|
0.92 (0.48–1.76)
|
Race/Ethnicity
|
Non-Hispanic, White
|
45.7
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Non-Hispanic, Black
|
49.0
|
1.14 (0.90–1.44)
|
1.01 (0.76–1.34)
|
1.01 (0.76–1.34)
|
0.99 (0.75–1.32)
|
0.99 (0.75–1.32)
|
Non-Hispanic, American Indian/Alaskan
|
47.0
|
1.05 (0.73–1.52)
|
1.33 (0.85–2.08)
|
1.33 (0.85–2.09)
|
1.28 (0.82–1.99)
|
1.27 (0.81–1.98)
|
Non-Hispanic, Asian, Hawaiian or PIa
|
46.0
|
1.01 (0.88–1.16)
|
0.91 (0.77–1.07)
|
0.90 (0.77–1.07)
|
0.91 (0.77–1.07)
|
0.91 (0.77–1.07)
|
Non-Hispanic, two or More Races
|
50.0
|
1.19 (0.07–19.00)
|
1.33 (0.08–22.13)
|
1.30 (0.08–21.72)
|
1.49 (0.09–24.76)
|
1.45 (0.09–23.85)
|
Hispanicb
|
52.3
|
1.30 (1.12–1.51)***
|
1.08 (0.91–1.29)
|
1.08 (0.91–1.29)
|
1.07 (0.90–1.28)
|
1.07 (0.90–1.28)
|
Education
|
Not HS graduate
|
45.3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
GED
|
48.9
|
1.16 (0.84–1.60)
|
1.51 (1.02–2.22)*
|
1.51 (1.03–2.23)*
|
1.55 (1.05–2.28)*
|
1.55 (1.05–2.28)*
|
HS graduate
|
56.4
|
1.56 (1.20–2.04)***
|
1.34 (0.97–1.84)
|
1.34 (0.97–1.85)
|
1.37 (0.99–1.88)
|
1.37 (0.99–1.88)
|
Some college or associate’s degree
|
45.3
|
1.00 (0.77–1.29)
|
0.99 (0.72–1.34)
|
0.99 (0.73–1.36)
|
1.00 (0.74–1.36)
|
1.00 (0.74–1.36)
|
Bachelor’s degree or higher
|
43.4
|
0.93 (0.72–1.20)
|
0.88 (0.64–1.20)
|
0.89 (0.65–1.22)
|
0.90 (0.65–1.22)
|
0.89 (0.65–1.22)
|
Household income
|
< $25,000
|
49.3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
$25,000 to $74,999
|
47.8
|
0.94 (0.84–1.05)
|
1.06 (0.93–1.21)
|
1.06 (0.93–1.22)
|
1.06 (0.93–1.21)
|
1.06 (0.93–1.21)
|
≥ $75,000
|
44.9
|
0.84 (0.74–0.95)***
|
1.12 (0.96–1.30)
|
1.12 (0.96–1.30)
|
1.13 (0.97–1.31)
|
1.13 (0.97–1.31)
|
U.S. census region
|
Northeast
|
45.0
|
0.85 (0.75–0.97)*
|
0.97 (0.82–1.15)
|
0.97 (0.82–1.14)
|
0.98 (0.83–1.15)
|
0.98 (0.83–1.15)
|
South
|
47.9
|
0.96 (0.85–1.08)
|
1.10 (0.94–1.28)
|
1.09 (0.94–1.27)
|
1.11 (0.95–1.29)
|
1.11 (0.95–1.29)
|
Midwest
|
46.6
|
0.91 (0.80–1.03)
|
0.95 (0.80–1.12)
|
0.94 (0.80–1.11)
|
0.95 (0.81–1.12)
|
0.95(0.81–1.12)
|
West
|
49.0
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Age of first smoking
|
≤ 11 years
|
39.7
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
12 to 14 years
|
39.0
|
0.97 (0.76–1.23)
|
0.87 (0.65–1.17)
|
0.88 (0.65–1.17)
|
0.87 (0.65–1.17)
|
0.87 (0.65–1.16)
|
15 to 17 years
|
44.5
|
1.21 (0.96–1.54)
|
0.93 (0.70–1.24)
|
0.93 (0.70–1.24)
|
0.92 (0.69–1.23)
|
0.92 (0.69–1.22)
|
18 to 24 years
|
55.0
|
1.85 (1.47–2.35)***
|
1.15 (0.86–1.54)
|
1.15 (0.86–1.54)
|
1.14 (0.85–1.53)
|
1.14 (0.85–1.52)
|
≥ 25 years
|
51.9
|
1.64 (1.13–2.37)**
|
1.34 (0.82–2.19)
|
1.35 (0.83–2.20)
|
1.32 (0.81–2.15)
|
1.31 (0.81–2.14)
|
Lifetime years of smoking
|
≤ 1 year
|
62.0
|
2.79 (1.22–1.59)***
|
1.78 (1.29–2.44)***
|
1.78 (1.30–2.45)***
|
1.80 (1.31–2.48)***
|
1.80 (1.31–2.48)***
|
1–5 years
|
56.6
|
2.23 (1.97–2.54)***
|
1.57 (1.20–2.05)**
|
1.57 (1.20–2.05)**
|
1.58 (1.21–2.07)**
|
1.59 (1.21–2.07)**
|
6–10 years
|
44.8
|
1.39 (2.35–3.31)***
|
1.26 (0.99–1.61)
|
1.27 (0.99–1.62)
|
1.28 (1.00–1.63)*
|
1.28 (1.00–1.64)*
|
11–20 years
|
38.3
|
1.06(0.93–1.21)
|
1.14 (0.92–1.40)
|
1.14 (0.92–1.40)
|
1.14 (0.93–1.41)
|
1.15 (0.93–1.41)
|
≥ 20 years
|
36.9
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Number of smoking days in 30 days prior to baseline
|
1–9 days
|
63.6
|
2.91 (2.56–3.30)***
|
2.87 (2.40–3.43)***
|
2.88 (2.41–3.44)***
|
2.86 (2.40–3.42)***
|
2.86 (2.40–3.42)***
|
10–19 days
|
60.1
|
2.50 (2.19–2.85)***
|
2.28 (1.91–2.71)***
|
2.28 (1.92–2.72)***
|
2.26 (1.90–2.69)***
|
2.26 (1.90–2.69)***
|
20–29 days
|
51.3
|
1.75 (1.58–1.94)***
|
1.55 (1.36–1.77)***
|
1.56 (1.36–1.78)***
|
1.55 (1.36–1.78)***
|
1.55 (1.36–1.77)***
|
30 days
|
37.6
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Cigarettes smoked per day at baseline
|
1–9 cigarettes per day
|
54.1
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
10–19 cigarettes per day
|
41.3
|
0.60 (0.54–0.66)***
|
0.91 (0.80–1.03)
|
0.91 (0.80–1.04)
|
0.91 (0.80–1.04)
|
0.91 (0.80–1.04)
|
≥ 20 cigarettes per day
|
36.2
|
0.48 (0.43–0.54)***
|
0.84 (0.71–0.99)*
|
0.84 (0.71–0.99)*
|
0.84 (0.71–0.99)*
|
0.84 (0.71–0.99)*
|
Number of days of JUUL use in past 30 days (at 3 months)
|
0 days
|
27.1
|
0.34 (0.18–0.64)
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1–9 days
|
41.1
|
0.64 (0.54–0.75)
|
0.56 (0.45–0.68)***
|
0.55 (0.45–0.68)***
|
0.53 (0.43–0.65)***
|
0.53 (0.43–0.65)***
|
10–19 days
|
32.9
|
0.45 (0.39–0.52)
|
0.38 (0.32–0.45)***
|
0.38 (0.32–0.45)***
|
0.36 (0.31–0.43)***
|
0.36 (0.31–0.43)***
|
20–29 days
|
40.4
|
0.62 (0.55–0.69)
|
0.51 (0.45–0.58)***
|
0.51 (0.44–0.58)***
|
0.50 (0.44–0.57)***
|
0.50 (0.44–0.57)
|
30 days
|
52.3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Current use of an e-cigarette other than JUUL
|
Yes
|
41.7
|
0.79 (0.69–0.90)***
|
0.97 (0.82–1.15)
|
0.97 (0.81–1.15)
|
0.97 (0.82–1.16)
|
0.98 (0.82–1.16)
|
No
|
47.7
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Place of first JUUL SK purchase
|
Retail store
|
55.1
|
1.81 (1.67–1.97)***
|
1.37 (1.22–1.53)***
|
1.39 (0.99–1.94)
|
1.38 (1.23–1.54)***
|
1.54 (1.04–2.26)*
|
JUUL website
|
40.3
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Bought JUUL SK “to help me quit smoking”
|
Yes
|
47.4
|
1.08 (0.97–1.21)
|
1.34 (1.16–1.55)***
|
1.35 (1.17–1.55)***
|
1.36 (1.18–1.57)***
|
1.36 (1.18–1.57)***
|
No
|
45.5
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 3 months)
|
Virginia Tobacco
|
41.2
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Mint
|
53.9
|
1.67 (1.42–1.96)***
|
1.37 (1.13–1.66)**
|
1.42 (1.11–1.81)**
|
NI
|
NI
|
Mango
|
51.3
|
1.50 (1.29–1.76)***
|
1.26 (1.05–1.52)*
|
1.27 (1.01–1.61)*
|
NI
|
NI
|
Crème
|
42.5
|
1.06 (0.84–1.33)
|
1.13 (0.86–1.48)
|
1.16 (0.83–1.62)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Fruit
|
38.6
|
0.90 (0.69–1.16)
|
0.94 (0.69–1.29)
|
0.96 (0.63–1.46)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Cucumber
|
44.4
|
1.14(0.90–1.43)
|
0.88 (0.67–1.16)
|
0.85 (0.60–1.21)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Classic Tobacco
|
22.5
|
0.41 (0.28–0.60)***
|
0.54 (0.35–0.84)**
|
0.51 (0.30–0.86)*
|
NI
|
NI
|
Menthol
|
38.9
|
0.91 (0.70–1.18)
|
0.90 (0.66–1.24)
|
1.12 (0.76–1.66)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primary
|
43.5
|
1.10 (0.94–1.29)
|
0.99 (0.82–1.20)
|
0.93 (0.73–1.19)
|
NI
|
NI
|
JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 3 months)
|
Only used JUUL tobacco flavorsc
|
37.0
|
Ref.
|
NI
|
NI
|
Ref.
|
Ref.
|
Only used JUUL characterizing flavorsd
|
49.9
|
1.70 (1.45–1.98)***
|
NI
|
NI
|
1.30 (1.07–1.57)**
|
1.33 (1.05–1.67)*
|
Used flavors from both tobacco and categories
|
38.6
|
1.07 (0.89–1.28)
|
NI
|
NI
|
0.88 (0.71–1.09)
|
0.97 (0.74–1.27)
|
Interaction term: primary JUULpod flavor used in past 30 days (at 3 months)c Place of first JUUL SK purchase
|
Virginia Tobaccoc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
Ref.
| | |
Mintc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.92 (0.62–1.37)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Mangoc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.98 (0.67–1.44)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Crèmec Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.93 (0.53–1.63)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Fruitc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.96 (0.52–1.80)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Cucumberc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1.08 (0.61–1.89)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Classic Tobaccoc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1.25 (0.47–3.35)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Mentholc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
0.55 (0.28–1.06)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Equal use of 2+ flavors, no primaryc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
1.14 (0.77–1.69)
|
NI
|
NI
|
Interaction term: JUULpod flavors used in the past 30 days (at 3 months)c place of first JUUL purchase
|
Only JUUL tobacco flavorsc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
NI
|
–
|
Ref.
|
Only JUUL characterizing flavorsc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
NI
|
–
|
0.92 (0.61–1.37)
|
Both flavor categories and tobaccoc Retail
|
–
|
–
|
–
|
NI
|
–
|
0.77 (0.49–1.21)
|