Fig. 1

A classification tree of recursive partitioning of psychosocial, socio-economic, and socio-demographic variable space. High risk or low risk—those women participants identified with high or sexual risky behavior based on the number of casual male sexual partners in the last 6 months, condom use during intercourse with casual male partners in the past 6 months, exchange of sex for money to buy drugs with a male casual in the last 6 months, and exchange of sex for drugs with a male casual partner for the last 6 months. Depression: depressed—those women participants who had a score of 17–60 measure using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Scale (CES-D) and not depressed—those women who had a score of 0–16 measure using the CES-D scale. Substance use: severe—those women participants with four or five symptoms measured using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V or DSM 5) criteria for Substance use disorder, mild—those women participants with two or three symptoms measured using the DSM-V or DSM 5 criteria for substance use disorder. Time.Lived.In.Current.Residence—time in years lived in current residence stratified as 1–10 years, 11–20 years, 21–30 years, > 30 years. Family.Grew.In – type of family the women participants grew up in stratified as: single parent, nuclear family, divorced/separated and polygamous family.

No.Of.Children – number of the children the woman participant has stratified as 0, 1-3, 4-6