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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% CI for the risk of groin injecting, micro/macroalbuminuria, diagnoses of DVT and septicaemia among high acidifier use

From: Injecting-related health harms and overuse of acidifiers among people who inject heroin and crack cocaine in London: a mixed-methods study

 

Low acidifiera (%)

High acidifierb (%)

OR bivariate (95% CI)

P value

AOR multivariatec (95% CI)

P value

Ever injected in groin

 No

168 (63%)

70 (47%)

1

1

 Yes

100 (37%)

80 (53%)

1.92 (1.28, 2.88)

0.002*

1.95 (1.29, 2.95)

0.002*

Ever diagnosed with DVT

 No

213 (79%)

102 (68%)

1

1

 Yes

55 (21%)

48 (32%)

1.82 (1.16, 2.87)

0.010*

1.87 (1.18, 2.97)

0.008*

Current Micro/macroalbuminuriad

 No

152 (64%)

85 (36%)

1

1

 Yes

27 (49%)

28 (51%)

1.85 (1.03, 3.35)

0.041*

1.85 (1.02, 3.35)

0.042*

Ever diagnosed Septicaemia

 No

225 (84%)

115 (77%)

1

1

 Yes

43 (16%)

35 (23%)

1.59 (0.97, 2.63)

0.068

1.60 (0.96, 2.67)

0.070

Ever diagnosed Endocarditis

 No

258 (96%)

139 (93%)

1

1

 Yes

10 (4%)

11 (7%)

2.04 (0.85, 4.93)

0.113

2.27 (0.91, 5.66)

0.077

  1. OR odds ratio, AOR adjusted odds ratio, DVT deep vein thrombosis
  2. aTypically uses half or less of acid in drug preparation
  3. bTypically uses more than half of acid in drug preparation
  4. cAdjusted for age, gender and injecting frequency per week
  5. d292/316 responses for acid use among those who provided urine samples
  6. *Significant at p < 0.05