Table 2 Evidence review of reviews results
May be effective | Unlikely to be effective | Inconclusive/lacking |
|---|---|---|
Prevention | ||
Multi-component interventions set within multiple domains (e.g. school and community/family) | Brief interventions in school settings | Brief/motivational interventions in healthcare settings |
Comprehensive school-based programmes (skills and social influence-based programmes) | School-based programmes focussing on increasing knowledge alone | Universal family-based interventions for drugs other than cannabis |
Skills-development school based programmes | Mass-media campaigns alone (not as part of a multicomponent intervention) | Family-based interventions targeting high risk groups |
Universal family interventions including parents and children for cannabis use | School-based programmes focussing on social influences alone | |
Mentoring interventions | ||
Harm reduction | ||
Needle and syringe programmes (enhanced by OST) in the community and prisons | Education in recreational/nightlife settings | |
Drug consumption rooms | Pill testing in recreational/nightlife settings | |
Overdose prevention with naloxone distribution | Staff training interventions in recreational/nightlife settings | |
Peer education training to prevent injection initiation | Targeted case finding for BBV testing | |
Multisession psychosocial/ educational interventions | Provision of dry blood spot BBV testing | |
Prison-based onsite HIV testing | Media campaigns | |
Education for sex workers | ||
HIV risk reduction in prisons | ||
Treatment and rehabilitation | ||
OST (methadone, buprenorphine) in community and prison settings | Pharmacological treatment for non-opiate drug use | Mindfulness-based treatments |
Naltrexone implants | Cognitive behavioural therapy | Motivational interviewing |
Multidimensional family therapy (young people’s cannabis use) | Acupuncture (alone) | Continuing care programmes |
Couples-based therapy | Home visits and psychosocial interventions for pregnant women | Residential programmes (therapeutic community, 12-step) |
Contingency management (short-term only benefits) | Physical activity interventions | |
CBT for people with PTSD | Boot camps for offenders | |
Peer-supported recovery, e.g. peer-coaching, recovery hosing, mutual aid | Drug diversion courts for offenders | |
Prison-based therapeutic communities | Psychosocial interventions for people with severe mental illness | |
Pharmacological treatments for pregnant opiate users | ||