Table 1 Sociodemographics, structural vulnerabilities, and substance use measures among people who inject drugs in Cabell County, WV 2018 (n = 420)
From: Correlates of recent nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in West Virginia
Total | Did not overdose in past 6 months (n = 241, 57.4%) | Overdosed at least once in past 6 months (n = 179, 42.6%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | ||||
Age (mean, SD) | 35.8 (8.5) | 35.8 (8.7) | 35.7 (8.4) | 0.855 |
Male | 257 (61.2) | 149 (61.8) | 108 (60.3) | 0.757 |
White, non-Hispanic | 341 (83.6) | 197 (83.5) | 144 (83.7) | 0.947 |
Single | 225 (53.8) | 131 (54.6) | 94 (52.8) | 0.719 |
Completed high school | 304 (72.6) | 171 (71.0) | 133 (74.7) | 0.393 |
Structural vulnerabilities | ||||
Homelessness | 235 (56.0) | 127 (52.7) | 108 (60.3) | 0.119 |
Uninsured | 115 (27.4) | 67 (27.8) | 48 (26.8) | 0.823 |
Unemployment | 277 (66.0) | 157 (65.2) | 120 (67.0) | 0.685 |
Food insecurity | 272 (64.8) | 145 (60.2) | 127 (71.0) | 0.022 |
Recent arresta | 141 (33.6) | 70 (29.1) | 71 (39.7) | 0.023 |
Injection drug use, past 6 months | ||||
Cocaine | 144 (34.3) | 63 (26.1) | 81 (45.3) | < 0.001 |
Crystal methamphetamine | 298 (71.1) | 150 (62.5) | 148 (82.7) | < 0.001 |
Speedball | 161 (38.3) | 69 (28.6) | 92 (51.4) | < 0.001 |
Opioids | ||||
Heroin | 340 (81.0) | 171 (71.0) | 169 (94.4) | < 0.001 |
Fentanyl | 230 (54.8) | 97 (40.3) | 133 (74.3) | < 0.001 |
Prescription opioids | 99 (23.6) | 46 (19.1) | 53 (29.6) | 0.012 |
Buprenorphine or suboxone | 127 (30.2) | 72 (29.9) | 55 (30.7) | 0.851 |
Non-injection drug use, past 6 months† | ||||
Cocaine | 251 (59.8) | 123 (51.0) | 128 (71.5) | < 0.001 |
Crystal methamphetamine | 234 (55.7) | 120 (49.8) | 114 (63.7) | 0.005 |
Opioids | ||||
Heroin | 141 (33.6) | 65 (27.0) | 76 (42.5) | 0.001 |
Fentanyl | 38 (9.1) | 14 (5.8) | 24 (13.4) | 0.007 |
Prescription opioids | 149 (35.5) | 75 (31.1) | 74 (41.3) | 0.030 |
Buprenorphine or suboxone | 122 (29.1) | 64 (26.6) | 58 (32.4) | 0.192 |
Sedatives | 112 (26.7) | 45 (18.7) | 67 (37.4) | < 0.001 |
Tranquilizers | 143 (34.1) | 62 (25.7) | 81 (45.3) | < 0.001 |
Stimulants | 52 (12.4) | 23 (9.5) | 29 (16.2) | 0.041 |
Hallucinogens | 40 (9.6) | 11 (4.6) | 29 (16.2) | < 0.001 |
Substance use | ||||
Number of drug types injected (mean, SD) | 3.3 (1.7) | 2.8 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.7) | < 0.001 |
Use drugs with other people | 287 (68.3) | 153 (63.5) | 134 (74.9) | 0.013 |
Use drugs in public/semi-public spaces | 199 (48.9) | 99 (42.1) | 100 (58.1) | 0.001 |
Witnessed an overdosea | 305 (73.0) | 146 (60.8) | 159 (89.3) | < 0.001 |
Tried to quit drug Usea | 313 (74.5) | 163 (67.6) | 150 (83.8) | < 0.001 |