High-intensity cannabis use and hospitalization: a prospective cohort study of street-involved youth in Vancouver, Canada

Table 2 Bivariable and multivariable GEE analysis of factors associated with hospitalization (n = 1216)

Characteristic	Unadjusted		Adjusted		Subgroup analysis
Characteristic	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI)	p value
Frequent cannabis use^a
(≥ Daily vs. < daily)	0.70 (0.58–0.85)	< 0.001	1.17 (0.84–1.65)	0.359
Frequent cannabis use^a × Sex interaction	–	–	0.51 (0.34–0.77)	0.002
	Frequent cannabis use among females				1.19 (0.84–1.67)	0.327
	Frequent cannabis use among males				0.60 (0.47–0.78)	< 0.001
Age
(Per additional year older)	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.773
White ethnicity
(Yes vs. no)	1.05 (0.82–1.34)	0.703
Sex
(Female vs. male)	0.90 (0.72–1.13)	0.363	1.17 (0.89–1.55)	0.255
Homeless^a
(yes vs. no)	1.41 (1.18–1.68)	< 0.001	1.44 (1.18–1.76)	< 0.001
Mental illness
(Yes vs. no)	1.87 (1.50–2.35)	< 0.001	1.74 (1.38–2.20)	< 0.001
Injection drug use^a
(yes vs. no)	1.29 (1.05–1.57)	0.013
Heavy alcohol use
(Yes vs. no)	0.97 (0.78–1.20)	0.766
Frequent heroin use^a
(≥ Daily vs. < daily)	1.11 (0.87–1.41)	0.396
Frequent cocaine use^a
(≥ daily vs. < daily)	2.35 (1.50–3.70)	< 0.001	2.02 (1.28–3.20)	0.003
Frequent crack use^a
(≥ Daily vs. < daily)	1.13 (0.85–1.50)	0.417
Frequent methamphetamine use^a
(≥ Daily vs. < daily)	1.13 (0.88–1.45)	0.340
Non-fatal overdose^a
(Yes vs. no)	1.98 (1.55–2.51)	< 0.001	1.73 (1.34–2.22)	< 0.001
Drug or alcohol treatment^a
(yes vs. no)	1.58 (1.33–1.89)	< 0.001	1.45 (1.21–1.74)	< 0.001

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