Assessing the relationship between syringe exchange, pharmacy, and street sources of accessing syringes and injection drug use behavior in a pooled nationally representative sample of people who inject drugs in the United States from 2002 to 2019

Table 3 Logistic regression results of sources of syringes, using bleach to clean syringes and risk factors for syringe sharing and reusing syringes 2002–2019 (n = 1737)

	Borrowing			Lending			Reuse syringe
	aOR	95% CI	p value	aOR	95%CI	p value	aOR	95%CI	p value
Access to syringes
SEP	.4	(.2, .9)	.022	.5	(.2, 1.1)	.073	.3	(.2, .6)	< .001
Pharmacy	.5	(.3, .9)	.037	.5	(.3, .9)	.020	.5	(.3, .9)	.016
Other means	.91	(.5, 1.7)	.773	.8	(.4, 1.4)	.423	.5	(.3, .9)	.025
Street	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Use bleach to clean last needle	2.0	(1.3, 3.0)	.002	2.0	(1.3, 3.0)	.002	2.4	(1.6, 3.6)	< .001
No insurance	1.0	(.7, 1.6)	.933	1.3	(.8, 1.9)	.249	1.2	(.9, 1.7)	.274
Race
Black	.9	(.3, 2.4)	.834	1.1	(.5, 2.4)	.826	.5	(.2, 1.1)	.08
Other race	.9	(.4, 2.1)	.914	.4	(.1, .9)	.027	1.1	(.6, 2.0)	.779
White	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Hispanic ethnicity	1.4	(.7, 2.6)	.316	1.5	(.8, 2.7)	.184	1.3	(.7, 2.1)	.394
Male sex	.8	(.5, 1.1)	.147	.7	(.5, .9)	.046	.9	(.6,1.2)	.341
Age 18–25	1.4	(1.0, 2.0)	.04	1.5	(1.1, 2.1)	.019	.9	(.7, 1.1)	.264
Less than high school education	.8	(.5, 1.3)	.402	1.1	(.7, 1.7)	.612	.9	(.6, 1.3)	.545
Poverty	1.5	(1.02, 2.3)	.042	1.2	(.8, 1.8)	.376	1.2	(.8, 1.7)	.323
Injection drug use
Heroin	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Cocaine	.9	(.6, 1.7)	.958	1.3	(.8, 2.3)	.321	.7	(.5, 1.0)	.070
Heroin and cocaine	1.1	(.7, 1.8)	.632	1.5	(.9, 2.4)	.072	2.3	(1.6, 3.4)	< .001

ISSN: 1477-7517