Table 4 Factors associated with needle sharing in the six months preceding the study among PWID in Kigali, Rwanda, N: 307

Sociodemographic characteristics*

 18–24

Ref

Ref

 25–34

1.44 (0.92–2.25)

1.01 (0.71–1.42)

 > 35

1.67 (0.93–2.99)

0.91 (0.57–1.45)

Biological sex

 Male

Ref

Ref

 Female

0.98 (0.64–1.53)

1.68 (1.09–2.59)

Education

 Primary education or less

Ref

 Some secondary education

0 .92 (0.47–1.79)

 Completed secondary or above

1.56 (0.89–2.71)

Marital status**

 Single

Ref

 Cohabitating/Married

1.12 (0.66–1.88)

 Divorced/Separated/Widow

1.24 (0.66–2.31)

Occupation

 Unemployed

Ref

Ref

 Employed/ Student

1.45 (1.03–2.04)

1.58 (1.19–2.11)

Self-reported sexual orientation***

 Heterosexual

Ref

Ref

 Homosexual

1.04 (0.58–1.84)

1.08 (0.75–1.55)

 Bisexual

1.63 (1.13–2.34)

1.46 (1.03- 2.07)

Drug Injection related behaviors, access to needles and condom use

Age at first injection

 Before 18 years

Ref

 18 to 24 years

1.10 (0.68–1.78)

 Over 25 years

0.92 (0.56–1.52)

Duration of drug injection****

 Less than 3 years

Ref

Ref

 4–5 years

1.50 (0.95–2.35)

1.05 (0.74–1.48)

 Over 5 years

2.49 (1.65–3.77)

1.25 (0.83–1.89)

Needle sharing at the first injection

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

5.16 (3.73–7.13)

2.18 (1.59–2.99)

Needle reuse in the previous 6 months

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

7.32 (4.74–11.31)

2.27 (1.51–3.43)

Number of needles sharing partners in the previous 6 months

 Two or less

Ref

Ref

 More than two partners

4.14 (3.21–5.34)

0.99 (0.79–1.25)

Selling sex for drugs in the previous 6 months*****

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

1.77 (1.26–2.48)

1.08 (0.79–1.46)

Access to sterile needles

 Always

Ref

Ref

 Sometimes

2.71 (1.92–3.81)

1.10 (0.84–1.44)

Sharing other drug paraphernalia in the previous 6 months

 No

Ref

Ref

 Yes

9.38 (6.19–14.21)

3.56 (2.19- 5.81)