Table 2 Measures

Socio-demographic, health and housing circumstance questionnaire

To understand participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, housing status/quality, general health status, education, medication use, and future service use

Questionnaire consisted of questions regarding demographics, with yes/no options, ranges and free text. No scores were generated

Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) [73]

To identify symptoms of depression (measure combined with GAD-7)

PHQ-9 is a 9-item scale. Scoring can range from 0 to 27, with scores of > 10 indicating moderate depression and > 15 moderately-severe depression and > 20 severe depression

Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) [74]

To identify symptoms of anxiety (measure combined with PHQ-9)

GAD-7 is a 7-item scale. Scoring can range from 0 to 21, with scores of > 10 indicating moderate anxiety and > 15 severe anxiety

Maudsley Addiction Profile (MAP) [75]

To identify type, levels, and risk factors relating to drug and alcohol use. Slight changes were made to make it more suitable for the study population, including adding a question on overdose and asking about use of other drugs not included (such as Novel Psychoactive Substances). Physical health domain also used

MAP is a 60 item (with 8 additional items added to section A for the SHARPS study)

Scale in four domains. Each domain is scored depending on the structure, with some using free text and others Likert scales. No overall score is generated but mean/median scores across the domains were used

Substance Use Recovery Evaluator (SURE) [76]

To identify drinking and drug use, self-care, relationships, material resources, outlook on life, and importance of these factors

SURE is a 21-item scale split into three sections, only two of which are scored. Scores range from 21 to 63, with higher scores indicating greater levels of recovery capital

RAND Short Form-36 (SF-36) [77]

To identify physical and emotional health status, the effect of health on daily activities and social activities, and experiences of pain

SF-36 is a 36-item scale. Scoring ranges from 0 to 100 on each of the eight domains, with lower scores indicating poorer health

Consultation and Relational Empathy (CARE) [78]

To assess the levels of empathy within the relationship between participant and their Peer Navigator

CARE is a 10-item scale. Scoring ranges from 10 to 50, with higher scores indicating greater levels of empathy within the relationship