Table 2 Attitudes towards substance use and associations with years of clinical experience and level of education (n = 71)
Variables | All (N = 71) | 1–5 y (N = 31) | 6–10 y (N = 19) | > 10 y (N = 21) | P value | Adjusted p value | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Permissive category | n (%) | ||||||
Q3.1.7 Daily use of marijuana is not necessarily harmful | 0.496 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 8 (11.3) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 27 (38.0) | 13 (41.9) | 8 (42.1) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Undecided | 8 (11.3) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 20 (28.2) | 10 (32.3) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 8 (11.3) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5.3) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Q3.2.4 Lifelong abstinence is a necessary goal in the treatment of substance use | 0.549 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 7 (9.9) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5.3) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat agree | 24 (33.8) | 9 (29) | 7 (36.8) | 8 (38.1) | |||
Undecided | 4 (5.6) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 17 (23.9) | 7 (22.6) | 5 (26.3) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 19 (26.8) | 12 (38.7) | 4 (21.1) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Q3.2.5 Once a person becomes drug free through treatment, they can never become a social user | 0.241 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 10 (14.1) | 1 (3.2) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Somewhat agree | 8 (11.3) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Undecided | 16 (22.5) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 26 (36.6) | 11 (35.5) | 6 (31.6) | 9 (42.9) | |||
Strongly disagree | 11 (15.5) | 7 (22.6) | 3 (15.8) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Non-stereotype category | |||||||
Q3.1.5 Smoking leads to marijuana use, which in turn leads to hard drugs | 0.785 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat agree | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 12 (16.9) | 6 (19.4) | 3 (15.8) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 56 (78.9) | 24 (77.4) | 15 (78.9) | 17 (81) | |||
Q3.2.8 A hospital is the best place to treat an individual with substance use issues | 0.498 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 2 (2.8) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 8 (11.3) | 5 (16.1) | 3 (15.8) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 11 (15.5) | 5 (16.1) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 33 (46.5) | 13 (41.9) | 9 (47.4) | 11 (52.4) | |||
Strongly disagree | 17 (23.9) | 7 (22.6) | 3 (15.8) | 7 (33.3) | |||
Non-moralism category | |||||||
Q3.1.9 A physician who has been addicted to narcotics should not be allowed to practise medicine again | 0.274 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 12 (16.9) | 6 (19.4) | 3 (15.8) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 25 (35.2) | 14 (45.2) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 31 (43.7) | 11 (35.5) | 8 (42.1) | 12 (57.1) | |||
Q3.1.1 Alcoholism is associated with a weak will | 0.625 | 0 | |||||
Somewhat agree | 4 (5.6) | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 13 (18.3) | 4 (12.9) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 54 (76.1) | 24 (77.4) | 15 (78.9) | 15 (71.4) | |||
Q3.3.5 A nurse with a substance use disorder should not be allowed to give medications to patients | 0.524 | 1 | |||||
Strongly agree | 2 (2.9) | 1 (3.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 5 (7.1) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.3) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Undecided | 14 (20.0) | 8 (26.7) | 3 (15.8) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 20 (28.6) | 10 (33.3) | 7 (36.8) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 29 (41.4) | 9 (30.0) | 8 (42.1) | 12 (57.1) | |||
Treatment intervention category | |||||||
Q3.1.6 Physicians who diagnose alcoholism early improve the chance of treatment success | 0.357 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 13 (18.3) | 3 (9.7) | 3 (15.8) | 7 (33.3) | |||
Somewhat agree | 32 (45.1) | 15 (48.4) | 11 (57.9) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Undecided | 17 (23.9) | 9 (29) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 6 (8.5) | 2 (6.5) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 3 (4.2) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Q3.2.7 Group therapy is very important in the treatment of substance use | 0.912 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 32 (45.1) | 13 (41.9) | 9 (47.4) | 10 (47.6) | |||
Somewhat agree | 23 (32.4) | 11 (35.5) | 6 (31.6) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Undecided | 14 (19.7) | 7 (22.6) | 3 (15.8) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 2 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Q3.1.8 Urine drug screening can be an important part of substance use treatment | 0.701 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 15 (21.1) | 6 (19.4) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Somewhat agree | 35 (49.3) | 14 (45.2) | 11 (57.9) | 10 (47.6) | |||
Undecided | 12 (16.9) | 4 (12.9) | 4 (21.1) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 8 (11.3) | 6 (19.4) | 1 (5.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Treatment optimism category | |||||||
Q3.2.6 Substance use is a treatable illness | 0.436 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 45 (63.4) | 17 (54.8) | 12 (63.2) | 16 (76.2) | |||
Somewhat agree | 23 (32.4) | 12 (38.7) | 7 (36.8) | 4 (19) | |||
Undecided | 3 (4.2) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Q3.2.9 Alcoholism is a treatable illness | 0.493 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 47 (66.2) | 19 (61.3) | 11 (57.9) | 17 (81) | |||
Somewhat agree | 21 (29.6) | 10 (32.3) | 7 (36.8) | 4 (19) | |||
Undecided | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Strongly disagree | 1 (1.4) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Q3.2.1 An individual who uses alcohol or drugs and has relapsed several times probably cannot be treated | 0.86 | 0 | |||||
Undecided | 2 (2.8) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 19 (26.8) | 9 (29) | 6 (31.6) | 4 (19) | |||
Strongly disagree | 50 (70.4) | 21 (67.7) | 13 (68.4) | 16 (76.2) | |||
Q3.1.2 An individual who uses alcohol or drugs cannot be helped until they hit ‘rock bottom’ | 0.675 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 3 (4.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Undecided | 5 (7.0) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 17 (23.9) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (21.1) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 45 (63.4) | 21 (67.7) | 11 (57.9) | 13 (61.9) | |||
Q3.3.1 Most individuals who use alcohol or drugs are unpleasant to work with as patients | 0.541 | 1 | |||||
Somewhat agree | 7 (10.0) | 1 (3.3) | 2 (10.5) | 4 (19) | |||
Undecided | 3 (4.3) | 2 (6.7) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 22 (31.4) | 11 (36.7) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 38 (54.3) | 16 (53.3) | 10 (52.6) | 12 (57.1) | |||
Variables | All (N = 67) | Diploma (N = 15) | Bachelor’s degree (N = 31) | Postgraduate (Master’s, PhD, MD) ( N = 21) | P value | Adjusted p value | Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Permissive category | |||||||
Q3.1.7 Daily use of marijuana is not necessarily harmful | 0.248 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 6 (9.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat agree | 26 (38.8) | 3 (20.0) | 15 (48.4) | 8 (38.1) | |||
Undecided | 8 (11.9) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (9.7) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 19 (28.4) | 6 (40.0) | 7 (22.6) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Strongly disagree | 8 (11.9) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (6.5) | 4 (19) | |||
Q3.2.4 Lifelong abstinence is a necessary goal in the treatment of substance use | 0.071 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 6 (9.0) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (3.2) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat agree | 22 (32.8) | 6 (40.0) | 13 (41.9) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Undecided | 4 (6.0) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 17 (25.4) | 2 (13.3) | 8 (25.8) | 7 (33.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 18 (26.9) | 2 (13.3) | 7 (22.6) | 9 (42.9) | |||
Q3.2.5 Once a person becomes drug free through treatment, they can never become a social user | 0.094 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 10 (14.9) | 3 (20.0) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Somewhat agree | 7 (10.4) | 4 (26.7) | 3 (9.7) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 14 (20.9) | 4 (26.7) | 8 (25.8) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 26 (38.8) | 4 (26.7) | 11 (35.5) | 11 (52.4) | |||
Strongly disagree | 10 (14.9) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (16.1) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Non-stereotype category | |||||||
Q3.1.5 Smoking leads to marijuana use, which in turn leads to hard drugs | 0.012 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat agree | 1 (1.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 1 (1.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 12 (17.9) | 1 (6.7) | 10 (32.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 52 (77.6) | 12 (80.0) | 20 (64.5) | 20 (95.2) | |||
Pairwise comparison | |||||||
Postgraduate versus bachelor’s | 0.072 | ||||||
Diploma versus bachelor’s | 0.094 | ||||||
Postgraduate versus diploma | 0.310 | ||||||
Q3.2.8 A hospital is the best place to treat an individual with substance use issues | 0.494 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat agree | 8 (11.9) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Undecided | 11 (16.4) | 5 (33.3) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 31 (46.3) | 5 (33.3) | 14 (45.2) | 12 (57.1) | |||
Strongly disagree | 16 (23.9) | 2 (13.3) | 9 (29) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Non-moralism category | |||||||
Q3.1.9 A physician who has been addicted to narcotics should not be allowed to practise medicine again | 0.983 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat agree | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Undecided | 8 (11.9) | 2 (13.3) | 4 (12.9) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 25 (37.3) | 5 (33.3) | 13 (41.9) | 7 (33.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 31 (46.3) | 8 (53.3) | 12 (38.7) | 11 (52.4) | |||
Q3.1.1 Alcoholism is associated with a weak will | 0.544 | 0 | |||||
Somewhat agree | 4 (6.0) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 13 (19.4) | 3 (20.0) | 5 (16.1) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 50 (74.6) | 10 (66.7) | 24 (77.4) | 16 (76.2) | |||
Q3.3.5 A nurse with a substance use disorder should not be allowed to give medications to patients | 0.87 | 1 | |||||
Strongly agree | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.3) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 5 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (10.0) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Undecided | 12 (18.2) | 4 (26.7) | 6 (20.0) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 19 (28.8) | 5 (33.3) | 7 (23.3) | 7 (33.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 28 (42.4) | 6 (40.0) | 13 (43.3) | 9 (42.9) | |||
Treatment intervention category | |||||||
Q3.1.6 Physicians who diagnose alcoholism early improve the chance of treatment success | 0.953 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 13 (19.4) | 2 (13.3) | 6 (19.4) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Somewhat agree | 30 (44.8) | 7 (46.7) | 15 (48.4) | 8 (38.1) | |||
Undecided | 16 (23.9) | 4 (26.7) | 6 (19.4) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 5 (7.5) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Strongly disagree | 3 (4.5) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Q3.2.7 Group therapy is very important in the treatment of substance use | 0.192 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 31 (46.3) | 9 (60.0) | 16 (51.6) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Somewhat agree | 22 (32.8) | 2 (13.3) | 10 (32.3) | 10 (47.6) | |||
Undecided | 12 (17.9) | 3 (20.0) | 5 (16.1) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 2 (3.0) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Q3.1.8 Urine drug screening can be an important part of substance use treatment | 0.457 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 13 (19.4) | 1 (6.7) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (19) | |||
Somewhat agree | 34 (50.7) | 7 (46.7) | 17 (54.8) | 10 (47.6) | |||
Undecided | 11 (16.4) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (9.7) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 8 (11.9) | 3 (20.0) | 3 (9.7) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Strongly disagree | 1 (1.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Treatment optimism category | |||||||
Q3.2.6 Substance use is a treatable illness | 0.261 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 43 (64.2) | 11 (73.3) | 18 (58.1) | 14 (66.7) | |||
Somewhat agree | 22 (32.8) | 4 (26.7) | 13 (41.9) | 5 (23.8) | |||
Undecided | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Q3.2.9 Alcoholism is a treatable illness | 0.617 | 0 | |||||
Strongly agree | 45 (67.2) | 11 (73.3) | 20 (64.5) | 14 (66.7) | |||
Somewhat agree | 19 (28.4) | 3 (20.0) | 10 (32.3) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Undecided | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 1 (1.5) | 1 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Strongly disagree | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Q3.2.1 An individual who uses alcohol or drugs and has relapsed several times probably cannot be treated | 0.008 | 0 | |||||
Undecided | 2 (3.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.2) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 17 (25.4) | 8 (53.3) | 8 (25.8) | 1 (4.8) | |||
Strongly disagree | 48 (71.6) | 7 (46.7) | 22 (71) | 19 (90.5) | |||
Pairwise comparison | |||||||
Postgraduate versus diploma | 0.004 | ||||||
Postgraduate versus bachelor’s | 0.149 | ||||||
Diploma versus bachelor’s | 0.172 | ||||||
Q3.1.2 An individual who uses alcohol or drugs cannot be helped until they hit ‘rock bottom’ | 0.646 | 0 | |||||
Somewhat agree | 3 (4.5) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Undecided | 5 (7.5) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.5) | 2 (9.5) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 17 (25.4) | 5 (33.3) | 9 (29) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Strongly disagree | 42 (62.7) | 8 (53.3) | 18 (58.1) | 16 (76.2) | |||
Q3.3.1 Most individual who use alcohol or drugs are unpleasant to work with as patients | 0.453 | 1 | |||||
Somewhat agree | 7 (10.6) | 3 (20.0) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (14.3) | |||
Undecided | 3 (4.5) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | 0 (0.0) | |||
Somewhat disagree | 20 (30.3) | 5 (33.3) | 9 (30.0) | 6 (28.6) | |||
Strongly disagree | 36 (54.5) | 6 (40.0) | 18 (60.0) | 12 (57.1) | |||