Table 1 Factors associated with OPS willingness among PWUD who do not inject in Anne Arundel County, Maryland, 2019–2020 (N = 126)
Willing to use OPS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | No | Yes | p | |
N = 126 | 53 (42.1) | 73 (57.9) | ||
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
Age (median, IQR) | 42 (20) | 41 (21) | 43 (18) | 0.778a |
Gender | ||||
Woman | 43 (34.1) | 24 (45.3) | 19 (26.0) | 0.024 |
Man | 83 (65.9) | 29 (54.7) | 54 (74.0) | |
Race | ||||
Non-Hispanic white | 16 (13.1) | 7 (13.7) | 9 (12.7) | 0.893b |
Non-Hispanic Black | 96 (78.7) | 39 (76.5) | 57 (80.3) | |
Other races | 10 (8.2) | 5 (9.8) | 5 (7.0) | |
High school equivalent education | 81 (64.8) | 36 (67.9) | 45 (62.5) | 0.530 |
Homeless, currently | 66 (52.4) | 27 (50.9) | 39 (53.4) | 0.783 |
Weekly food insecurity, past 3 months | 49 (38.9) | 18 (34.0) | 31 (42.5) | 0.334 |
Arrested, past year | 39 (31.0) | 13 (24.5) | 26 (35.6) | 0.184 |
Drug use | ||||
Injection drug use, ever | 14 (11.1) | 7 (13.2) | 7 (9.6) | 0.574b |
Non-injection drug use, past 3 months | ||||
Opioid pills | 83 (66.4) | 35 (67.3) | 48 (65.8) | 0.856 |
Heroin | 56 (44.4) | 17 (32.1) | 39 (53.4) | 0.017 |
Fentanyl | 53 (42.1) | 17 (32.1) | 36 (49.3) | 0.053 |
Crack | 67 (53.2) | 28 (52.8) | 39 (53.4) | 0.947 |
Cocaine | 52 (41.3) | 23 (43.4) | 29 (39.7) | 0.680 |
Synthetic cannabinoids | 33 (26.2) | 13 (24.5) | 20 (27.4) | 0.718 |
Tranquilizers | 41 (32.8) | 20 (38.5) | 21 (28.8) | 0.255 |
PCP | 31 (24.6) | 16 (30.2) | 15 (20.6) | 0.215 |
Used 3 or more substances, past 3 months | 80 (63.5) | 29 (54.7) | 51 (69.9) | 0.081 |
Public/semi-public drug use | 78 (61.9) | 29 (54.7) | 49 (67.1) | 0.157 |
Overdose experiences and prevention | ||||
Ever overdosed | 44 (34.9) | 15 (28.3) | 29 (39.7) | 0.184 |
Overdosed in past 6 months | 17 (13.6) | 6 (11.5) | 11 (15.1) | 0.609b |
Overdose prevention behaviors | ||||
Buy from the same dealer | 35 (29.2) | 8 (16.3) | 27 (38.0) | 0.014b |
Use fentanyl test strips | 22 (18.3) | 4 (8.2) | 18 (25.4) | 0.018b |
Keep naloxone with me | 21 (17.5) | 6 (12.2) | 15 (21.1) | 0.232b |
Use with other people | 20 (16.7) | 9 (18.4) | 11 (15.5) | 0.804b |
Call or text a friend to let them know what I'm doing | 15 (12.5) | 5 (10.2) | 10 (14.1) | 0.587b |
Use in a place where someone will see me if I overdose | 30 (25.0) | 9 (18.4) | 21 (29.6) | 0.201b |
Number of overdose prevention behaviors | ||||
0 | 38 (30.2) | 22 (41.5) | 16 (21.9) | 0.006b |
1 | 58 (46.0) | 25 (47.2) | 33 (45.2) | |
2 + | 30 (23.8) | 6 (11.3) | 24 (32.9) | |
OPS awareness and anticipated barriers | ||||
Ever heard of OPS | 56 (44.4) | 20 (37.7) | 36 (49.3) | 0.197 |
Anticipated barriers to OPS | ||||
Concerns about arrest | 24 (20.2) | 6 (12.2) | 18 (25.7) | 0.103b |
Confidentiality | 35 (29.4) | 10 (20.4) | 25 (35.7) | 0.101b |
Prefer more privacy | 20 (16.8) | 6 (12.2) | 14 (20.0) | 0.325b |
Cost of transportation | 26 (21.8) | 6 (12.2) | 20 (28.6) | 0.043b |
Time to get there/too far | 16 (13.4) | 3 (6.1) | 13 (18.6) | 0.059b |
Disliking the staff | 6 (5.0) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (7.1) | 0.399b |
Childcare barriers | 11 (9.2) | 5 (10.2) | 6 (8.6) | 0.759b |
Work/school | 6 (5.0) | 0 (0.0) | 6 (8.6) | – |
Illness | 9 (7.6) | 2 (4.1) | 7 (10.0) | 0.304b |
Lack of interest | 16 (13.4) | 7 (14.3) | 9 (12.9) | 1.000b |
Number of anticipated barriers to OPS | ||||
0 | 52 (41.3) | 28 (52.8) | 24 (32.9) | 0.048b |
1 | 38 (30.2) | 15 (28.3) | 23 (31.5) | |
2 + | 36 (28.6) | 10 (18.9) | 26 (35.6) | |