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Table 3 Comparison of quantity of distributed drug paraphernalia by drug services participating both 2018 and 2021

From: International harm reduction indicators are still not reached: results from a repeated cross-sectional study on drug paraphernalia distribution in Germany, 2021

Drug paraphernalia

Responding services (N)

2018

2021

Median change (1st; 3rd Quartile)

Median changeb (%)

  

Median (1st; 3rd Quartile)

Median (1st; 3rd Quartile)

  

Syringes (regardless of size; excluding low-dead-space syringes)

82

6917 (1341; 30,752)

4794 (975; 20,150)

−328 (−7175; 1000)

−18* (p = 0.04)

Needles (regardless of size)

79

10,648 (2506; 46,647)

7600 (2000; 33,600)

−761 (−10,554; 1000)

−12 (p = 0.11)

Low-dead-space items

6

9158 (1900; 31,604)

9643 (750; 48,513)

+ 3885 (438; 40,434)

+ 193 (p = 0.22)

Filters

40

4422 (1075; 24,262)

4250 (1016; 13,912)

0 (−2850; 964)

0 (p = 0.64)

Spoons

40

1856 (463; 9174)

2000 (488; 7200)

0 (−1614; 863)

0 (p = 0.88)

Pipesa

4

375 (325; 400)

900 (718; 2730)

 + 600 (355; 2443)

+ 214 (p = 0.13)

Sniff tubes

12

596 (200; 3375)

400 (260; 1443)

−125 (−695; 185)

−22 (p = 0.39)

  1. aPipes commonly used for crack consumption
  2. bp-values based on binomial test for relative changes, * = significant p-value (< 0.05)