Table 1 Included organizational policies and their purpose

1

Harm reduction and managing substance use—Acute care [88]

To describe the organizational approach to managing substance use and implementing harm reduction interventions in the acute care setting

2

Philosophy of care for patients and residents who use substances [89]

To articulate a philosophy of care for people who use substances that aligns with the organization’s vision and mission

3

Violence prevention in the workplace [90]

To describe the organizational approach in the prevention of workplace violence, and to delineate the roles of relevant parties (e.g., leadership, staff, and occupational health and safety)

4

Injectable opioid agonist treatment (iOAT¹) for opioid user disorder and IV fentanyl for withdrawal management [91]

To outline the protocols associated with the provision of iOAT and intravenous fentanyl

5

Dispensing take home naloxone kits to clients at risk of opioid overdose (adults and youth) [92]

To outline the protocol associated with the provision of take-home naloxone kits

6

Methadone for opioid use disorder [92]

To outline the protocol associated with the provision of methadone

7

Buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone®) for opioid use disorder [93]

To outline the protocol associated with the provision of Suboxone®

8

Buprenorphine/naloxone ‘(Suboxone®) to-go’ patient kits for induction outside of hospital setting [94]

To outline the protocol associated with the provision of to-go Suboxone® kits

9

Overdose Prevention Site (OPS) at [study site]: Operating procedures [95]

To outline operating procedures for the in-hospital OPS