Table 3 Factors associated with opioid relapse among methadone maintenance patients
Variables | Univariate logistic regression | Multivariate logistic regression | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p value | aOR (95% CI) | p value | |
1. Sex (ref: female) | ||||
 Male | 0.60 (0.13–2.87) | 0.521 |  |  |
2. Age (years old) | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.037 |  |  |
3. Residence (ref: Metropolitan) | ||||
 Mountainous | 4.03 (2.14–7.59) | < 0.001 | 3.63 (1.90–7.46) | < 0.001 |
4. Education level (ref: College, university, or higher) | ||||
 Primary school or lower | 1.10 (0.38–3.22) | 0.856 |  |  |
 Secondary school | 1.57 (0.63–3.88) | 0.331 |  |  |
 High school | 1.25 (0.49–3.17) | 0.638 |  |  |
5. Occupation type (ref: full-time) | ||||
 No | 1.07 (0.54–2.12) | 0.844 |  |  |
 Seasonal or part-time | 1.65 (0.94–2.90) | 0.082 |  |  |
6. Career (ref: Farmer) | ||||
 Not working | 0.56 (0.30–1.07) | 0.079 |  |  |
 Freelancer | 0.89 (0.51–1.56) | 0.682 |  |  |
 Trader | 0.43 (0.14–1.31) | 0.139 |  |  |
 Others | 0.20 (0.07–0.61) | 0.004 |  |  |
7. Patient’s income per month (million VND) | 0.99 (0.92–1.06) | 0.749 |  |  |
8. Family’s income per month (million VND) | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.0504 |  |  |
9. Number of family members living with the patient | 0.76 (0.64–0.92) | 0.003 | 0.69 (0.55–0.85) | < 0.001 |
10. Number of close friends/relatives | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | < 0.001 |  |  |
11. Social support score | 0.99 (0.98–0.99) | < 0.001 |  |  |
12. Initial drug use age | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 0.004 |  |  |
13. Duration of drug use in the past (year) | 1.06 (1.04–1.09) | < 0.001 | 1.06 (1.03–1.09) | < 0.001 |
14. The number of previous treatment | 0.94 (0.81–1.08) | 0.378 |  |  |
15. Daily methadone dose (mg) | 0.995 (0.99–1.00) | 0.064 |  |  |
16. Treatment time (year) | 0.83 (0.76–0.90) | < 0.001 | 0.80 (0.73–0.87) | < 0.001 |
17. Adherence (ref: No) | ||||
 Yes | 0.38 (0.24–0.60) | < 0.001 | 0.38 (0.23–0.64) | < 0.001 |
18. Comorbidity | 0.73 (0.46–1.14) | 0.168 |  |  |
19. ART (Ref: No) | ||||
 Yes | 0.71 (0.31–1.61) | 0.414 |  |  |