Table 1 Willingness to use HIV self-testing by socio-demographic characteristics, HIV- and injection-related factors, and harm reduction utilization among people who inject drugs in Iran (2020)

Overall

2,252

–

–

Age at interview, mean years (SD)

40.1 (9.3)

–

–

Age, years

 < 30

246 (11.0)

1

0.893

 ≥ 30

1,992 (89.0)

1.01 (0.86, 1.18)

Gender

 Women

78 (3.5)

1

0.258

 Men

2,174 (96.5)

1.17 (0.89, 1.57)

Education

 Less than high school

1,572 (70.1)

1

0.141

 High school or more

671 (29.9)

1.08 (0.97, 1.19)

Marital Status

 Single

784 (35.9)

1

 Currently married

554 (25.4)

0.84 (0.74, 0.96)

0.012

 Divorced/widowed

846 (38.7)

1.04 (0.95, 1.17)

0.407

Current employment

 Unemployed

45 (2.4)

1

 Having a temporary job

1,513 (79.6)

1.33 (0.90, 1.99)

0.184

 Having a permanent job

342 (18.0)

1.32 (0.87, 1.99)

0.148

HIV risk perception

 Very low or low

1,154 (64.7)

1

 Moderate or high

630 (35.3)

1.31 (1.18, 1.45)

< 0.001

Lifetime homelessness

 No

963 (43.0)

1

 Yes

1,275 (57.0)

1.17 (1.06, 1.29)

0.002

Lifetime incarceration

 No

740 (33.1)

1

 Yes

1,496 (66.9)

1.19 (1.07, 1.32)

0.001

Experience of stigma within healthcare settings

 Never

1,197 (55.0)

1

 Ever

980 (45.0)

0.99 (0.90, 1.10)

0.898

Experience of stigma from family/friends

 Never

357 (15.9)

1

 Ever

1,888 (84.1)

1.16 (1.02, 1.34)

0.028

Duration of injection, year

 < 5

545 (25.1)

1

 5–10

555 (25.5)

1.20 (1.04, 1.40)

0.013

 > 10

1,073 (49.4)

1.40 (1.23, 1.59)

< 0.001

Injection frequency, last 3 months

 Monthly or less

901 (40.3)

1

 Weekly or daily

1,333 (59.7)

1.18 (1.07, 1.30)

0.001

Receptive needle/syringe sharing, last 3 months

 No

1,935 (95.9)

1

 Yes

83 (4.1)

1.04 (0.81, 1.34)

0.751

Public injecting, last 12 months

 No

593 (29.3)

1

 Yes

1,433 (70.7)

1.17 (1.04, 1.32)

0.007

Utilizing needle exchange program, last 12 months

 No

208 (12.0)

1

 Yes

1,522 (88.0)

1.20 (1.01, 1.44)

0.041