Table 2 Results of the regression models comparing the PWUDs willing and not willing to use a DCR
Parameter | OR [95% CI] | aOR [95% CI] a |
|---|---|---|
Location of the survey | ||
Addiction treatment unit (vs. harm reduction center) | 0.23 [0.11–0.46]*** | 0.20 [0.08–0.51]*** |
Street (vs. harm reduction center) | 3.08 [0.83–11.47]† | 2.60 [0.60–11.24] |
Gender (male) | 1.27 [0.61–2.66] | 1.78 [0.72–4.45] |
Age | 0.99 [0.96–1.02] | 0.99 [0.95–1.03] |
Current activity (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 0.55 [0.29–1.03]† | 1.26 [0.56–2.84] |
Marital status (vs. alone) | ||
In couple | 0.63 [0.30–1.31] | 0.88 [0.35–2.24] |
Living with family/friends/other | 0.40 [0.18–0.88]* | 0.29 [0.10–0.86]* |
Dependent children (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 0.51 [0.23–1.12]† | 0.42 [0.15–1.13]† |
Housing location (vs. other) | ||
Lyon | 1.64 [0.57–4.73] | 4.38 [0.98–19.58]† |
Type of housing (vs. stable) | ||
Unstable (street/squat/foster home) | 1.48 [0.82–2.67] | 1.93 [0.82–4.53] |
Social insurance for the precarious (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 4.26 [2.16–8.36]*** | 4.12 [1.86–9.14]*** |
HIV status (vs. negative) | ||
Positive | 3.40 [ 0.40–28.93] | 3.37 [0.34–33.54] |
Unknown | 0.68 [0.20–2.32] | 0.49 [0.10–2.33] |
HCV serology status (vs. negative) | ||
Positive (cured or untreated) | 3.37 [1.39–8.18]** | 3.60 [1.20–10.84]* |
Unknown | 1.84 [0.67–5.05] | 1.55 [0.48–5.03] |
HBV status (vs. negative) | ||
Positive | 0.91 [0.19–4.20] | 1.49 [0.24–9.38] |
Unknown | 2.56 [1.14–5.75]* | 2.00 [0.78–5.09] |
Drug used (vs. no use) | ||
Alcohol | 1.40 [0.73–2.69] | 1.39 [0.64–3.04] |
Tobacco | 0.89 [0.29–2.72] | 1.02 [0.25–4.10] |
Cannabis | 2.65 [1.37–5.16]** | 2.45 [1.01–5.99]* |
Cocaine (powder or crack) | 1.55 [0.72–3.26] | 1.49 [0.59–3.76] |
Crack-cocaine form only | 2.29 [1.25–4.19]** | 2.13 [1.02–4.48]* |
Amphetamine | 2.20 [1.12–4.33]* | 2.18 [0.89–5.33]† |
Heroin | 0.81 [0.45–1.46] | 1.05 [0.50–2.17] |
Morphine | 2.71 [1.31–5.57]** | 1.85 [0.75–4.54] |
Benzodiazepine | 1.89 [1.04–3.44]* | 2.04 [0.96–4.32]† |
Methadone (without prescription) | 1.77 [0.78–4.03] | 1.36 [0.44–4.27] |
Buprenorphine (without prescription) | 3.20 [1.26–8.16]* | 2.58 [0.86–7.75]† |
Materials utilized (vs. no use) | ||
Syringes | 2.54 [1.25–5.14]** | 1.78 [0.78–4.07] |
Snorting straws | 0.39 [0.21–0.71]** | 0.33 [0.15–0.71]** |
Crack pipes | 1.76 [0.86–3.61] | 1.64 [0.69–3.90] |
Other | 0.63 [0.26–1.55] | 0.45 [0.15–1.38] |
Consumption habits (vs. no use) | ||
Always with partners | 1.73 [0.80–3.73] | 1.65 [0.66–4.14] |
Always in a precarious place | 0.97 [ 0.44–2.11] | 0.90 [0.31–2.64] |
Occasional in a precarious place | 1.80 [0.77–4.19] | 1.93 [0.71–5.31] |
In public space (street, toilets, stairwell) | 3.05 [1.59–5.82]*** | 2.10 [0.97–4.55]† |
Problems experienced with (vs. no problem) | ||
Residents, shopkeepers, customers… | 6.00 [2.67–13.50]*** | 5.99 |2.16–16.58]*** |
Police | 3.90 [1.60–9.48]** | 4.85 [1.43–16.39]* |
PWUDs perceived as a nuisance (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 2.63 [1.26–5.49]** | 3.50 [1.38–8.91]** |
Police intervention during a consumption (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 3.86 [1.80–8.31]*** | 3.15 [1.19–8.33]* |
Access to a water point (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 0.23 [0.10–0.58]** | 0.14 [0.04–0.49]** |
Sometimes | 0.44 [0.18–1.10]† | 0.30 [0.09–0.98]* |
Loan of materials (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 2.21 [1.04–4.69]* | 1.80 [0.70–4.66] |
Reuses materials (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 2.43 [1.22–4.82]* | 2.40 [0.98–5.83]† |
Fate of the materials (vs. inappropriate disposal) | ||
Clean disposal (container, pharmacy…) | 3.34 [1.68–6.63]*** | 2.81 [1.21–6.48]* |
About opioid overdose | ||
History of overdose | 1.40 [0.72–2.73] | 1.70 [0.71- 4.06] |
Treated by OAT (vs. no) | ||
Yes | 1.04 [0.56–1.94] | 1.05 [0.47–2.35] |
Type of OAT prescribed (vs. no OAT prescribed) | ||
Buprenorphine | 1.50 [0.70–3.20] | 1.68 [0.62–4.55] |
Methadone | 0.62 [0.30–1.27] | 0.65 [0.27–1.59] |
Morphine | 2.18 [0.23–20.64] | 2.21 [0.16–31.61] |
Routes of OAT administration (vs. diverted) | ||
Only those authorized | 0.34 [0.15–0.75]** | 0.43 [ 0.17–1.12]† |
Diverted routes of OAT administration (vs. injected) | ||
Snorted | 0.50 [0.13–1.94] | 1.45 [0.22–9.74] |
Usual place of consultation for OAT (vs. none) | ||
Addiction treatment unit | 0.49 [0.22–1.11]† | 0.41 [0.13–1.26] |
Office based General Practitioner | 1.19 [0.42–3.38] | 0.70 [0.18–2.72] |