Table 1 Participant characteristics by road network distance to the nearest fixed-site SSP
Characteristic | ≤ 1 mile (n = 84) | 1—3 miles (n = 56) | 3—10 miles (n = 39) | > 10 miles (n = 151) | Test statistic (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics—no. (%) | |||||
Gender: women | 39 (46) | 23 (41) | 13 (33) | 62 (41) | χ2 = 5.0 (0.54) |
Age (years)—median (Q1–Q3) | 39 (31–47) | 34 (29–40) | 35 (27–45) | 32 (28–39) | F = 4.5 (0.004) |
White race | 72 (86) | 54 (96) | 34 (87) | 141 (93) | χ2 = 6.8 (0.08) |
Sexual orientation: bisexual/homosexual/othera | 13 (15) | 6 (11) | 5 (13) | 27 (18) | χ2 = 3.1 (0.80) |
High school education or higher | 62 (74) | 42 (75) | 29 (74) | 110 (73) | χ2 = 0.1 (0.99) |
Experienced homelessness (past 6 months) | 55 (65) | 19 (34) | 17 (44) | 79 (52) | χ2 = 15.8 (0.02) |
Criminal justice involvement—no. (%) | |||||
Incarcerated (past 6 months) | 24 (29) | 11 (20) | 9 (23) | 62 (41) | χ2 = 11.5 (0.01) |
Injection drug use—no. (%) | |||||
Years of injection—median (Q1–Q3) | 12 (5–20) | 8 (5–17) | 9 (3–15) | 8 (4–13) | F = 2.2 (0.09) |
Inject at least daily (past 30 days) | 50 (60) | 38 (68) | 25 (64) | 74 (49) | χ2 = 10.3 (0.11) |
Inject multiple times per sitting (past 30 days) | 60 (71) | 40 (71) | 31 (79) | 107 (71) | χ2 = 7.3 (0.29) |
Inject heroin (past 30 days) | 77 (92) | 50 (89) | 37 (95) | 119 (79) | χ2 = 13.0 (0.04) |
Inject cocaine (past 30 days) | 44 (52) | 22 (39) | 21 (54) | 73 (48) | χ2 = 5.2 (0.52) |
Inject methamphetamine (past 30 days) | 19 (23) | 14 (25) | 9 (23) | 38 (25) | χ2 = 0.6 (1.00) |
Inject speedball or goofball (past 30 days) | 32 (38) | 16 (29) | 16 (41) | 41 (27) | χ2 = 8.9 (0.18) |
Primary syringe source (past 30 days)—no. (%) | |||||
SSP (vs. other sourceb) | 27 (32) | 15 (27) | 11 (28) | 9 (6) | χ2 = 33.9 (< 0.001) |
Addiction treatment—no. (%) | |||||
Ever received MOUD | 64 (76) | 49 (88) | 26 (67) | 113 (75) | χ2 = 8.6 (0.20) |
Infectious disease—no. (%) | |||||
HCV seropositive | 56 (67) | 39 (70) | 30 (77) | 111 (74) | χ2 = 1.9 (0.59) |
Injection equipment sharing (past 30 days)—no. (%) | |||||
Borrowing used syringes | 34 (40) | 18 (32) | 12 (31) | 83 (55) | χ2 = 22.4 (0.001) |
Borrowing other used injection equipment | 42 (50) | 21 (38) | 21 (54) | 95 (63) | χ2 = 21.8 (0.001) |
Backloading | 31 (37) | 20 (36) | 17 (44) | 79 (52) | χ2 = 16.6 (0.01) |
Means of transportation when traveling > 1 mile—no. (%) | |||||
Travel by automobilec | 33 (39) | 25 (45) | 21 (54) | 74 (49) | χ2 = 3.1 (0.38) |
Travel by other meansd | 51 (61) | 31 (55) | 18 (46) | 77 (51) | |