Esteban J, Gimeno C, Barril J, Aragonés A, Climent JM, de la Cruz Pellin M. Survival study of opioid addicts in relation to its adherence to methadone maintenance treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2003;70(2):193–200.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Busch M, Haas S, Weigl M, Wirl C. Long term substitution treatment (maintenance treatment) of opioid dependent persons. GMS Health Technol Assess. 2007;3.
Kimber J, Palmateer N, Hutchinson SJ, Hickman M, Goldberg DJ, Rhodes T. Harm reduction among injecting drug users-evidence of effectiveness. 2010;
Clausen T, Anchersen K, Waal H. Mortality prior to, during and after opioid maintenance treatment (OMT): a national prospective cross-registry study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;94(1–3):151–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Michels II, Stöver H, Gerlach R. Substitution treatment for opioid addicts in Germany. Harm Reduct J. 2007;4(1):5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7517-4-5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Mattick RP, Breen C, Kimber J, Davoli M. Methadone maintenance therapy versus no opioid replacement therapy for opioid dependence. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2009;(3).
Oliver P, Keen J, Rowse G, Ewins E, Griffiths L, Mathers N. The effect of time spent in treatment and dropout status on rates of convictions, cautions and imprisonment over 5 years in a primary care-led methadone maintenance service. Addiction. 2010;105(4):732–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and European Monitoring Centre for Drugs, Drug and Addiction. Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent infections among people who inject drugs. Part 2: Drug treatment for preventing hepatitis C, HIV and injecting risk behaviour. [Internet]. ECDC, editor. Stockholm; 2011. http://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications/Publications/111129_TER_ECDC-EMCDDA_report_part1.pdf
Zhang Z, Friedmann PD, Gerstein DR. Does retention matter? Treatment duration and improvement in drug use. Addiction. 2003;98(5):673–84.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Simpson DD, Joe GW, Brown BS. Treatment retention and follow-up outcomes in the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). Psychol Addict Behav. 1997;11(4):294.
Article
Google Scholar
Mullen L, Barry J, Long J, Keenan E, Mulholland D, Grogan L, et al. A national study of the retention of Irish opiate users in methadone substitution treatment. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2012;38(6):551–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sordo L, Barrio G, Bravo MJ, Indave BI, Degenhardt L, Wiessing L, et al. Mortality risk during and after opioid substitution treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMJ. 2017;357:j1550.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Cornish R, Macleod J, Strang J, Vickerman P, Hickman M. Risk of death during and after opiate substitution treatment in primary care: prospective observational study in UK General Practice Research Database. BMJ. 2010;341:c5475.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Simpson DD, Joe GW, Rowan-Szal GA. Drug abuse treatment retention and process effects on follow-up outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1997;47(3):227–35.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hser Y-I, Evans E, Huang D, Anglin DM. Relationship between drug treatment services, retention, and outcomes. Psychiatr Serv. 2004;55(7):767–74.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Timko C, Schultz NR, Cucciare MA, Vittorio L, Garrison-Diehn C. Retention in medication-assisted treatment for opiate dependence: a systematic review. J Addict Dis. 2016;35(1):22–35.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
O’Connor AM, Cousins G, Durand L, Barry J, Boland F. Retention of patients in opioid substitution treatment: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(5):1–23.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Kimber J, Larney S, Hickman M, Randall D, Degenhardt L. Mortality risk of opioid substitution therapy with methadone versus buprenorphine: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015;2(10):901–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Klimas J, Gorfinkel L, Giacomuzzi SM, Ruckes C, Socías ME, Fairbairn N, et al. Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for the treatment of opioid use disorder. BMJ Open. 2019;9(4):e025799.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Havens JR, Latkin CA, Pu M, Cornelius LJ, Bishai D, Huettner S, et al. Predictors of opiate agonist treatment retention among injection drug users referred from a needle exchange program. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;36(3):306–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2008.07.002.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kelly SM, O’Grady KE, Mitchell SG, Brown BS, Schwartz RP. Predictors of methadone treatment retention from a multi-site study: a survival analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2011;117(2–3):170–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.01.008.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Sarasvita R, Tonkin A, Utomo B, Ali R. Predictive factors for treatment retention in methadone programs in Indonesia. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2012;42(3):239–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2011.07.009.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Villafranca SW, McKellar JD, Trafton JA, Humphreys K. Predictors of retention in methadone programs: a signal detection analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;83(3):218–24.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Grella CE, Wugalter SE, Anglin MD. Predictors of treatment retention in enhanced and standard methadone maintenance treatment for HIV risk reduction. J Drug Issues. 1997;27(2):203–24.
Article
Google Scholar
Mertens JR, Weisner CM. Predictors of substance abuse treatment retention among women and men in an HMO. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000;24(10):1525–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Yang F, Lin P, Li Y, He Q, Long Q, Fu X, et al. Predictors of retention in community-based methadone maintenance treatment program in Pearl River Delta, China. Harm Reduct J. 2013;10(1):3.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Morin KA, Eibl JK, Gauthier G, Rush B, Mushquash C, Lightfoot NE, et al. A cohort study evaluating the association between concurrent mental disorders, mortality, morbidity, and continuous treatment retention for patients in opioid agonist treatment (OAT) across Ontario, Canada, using administrative health data. Harm Reduct J. 2020;17(1):51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00396-x.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Drug policy profile: Austria [Internet]. Luxembourg; 2014. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/777/TDAU14004ENN_469059.pdf
Horvath I, Anzenberger J, Busch M, Schmutterer I, Tanios A, Weigl M. Bericht zur Drogensituation 2019. 2019;
Haltmayer H. Oral Substitution Treatment in Austria—the role of GPs [Internet]. 2010. https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_118398_EN_Dr Haltmayer_Austria.pdf
Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria. Consolidated federal law: Entire legal provision for the Narcotics Act, version of January 27, 2021 [Internet]. 2021. https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10011040
Legal Information System of the Republic of Austria. Consolidated federal law: Entire legal provision for further training ordinance on opioid substitution, version of January 27, 2021. 2021.
EMCDDA. Mortality among drug users: Guidelines for carrying out, analysing and reporting key figures [Internet]. Lisbon; 2012. http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/attachements.cfm/att_192545_EN_MortalityCohortsGuidelines2012.pdf
SPSS Inc. SPSS Statistics, Version 17.0. Chicago, United States; 2008.
Knottnerus A, Tugwell P. STROBE–a checklist to strengthen the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):323.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Austria, Country Drug Report 2017. Luxembourg; 2017.
Deck D, Carlson MJ. Retention in publicly funded methadone maintenance treatment in two western states. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2005;32(1):43–60.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Torrens M, Castillo C, Pérez-Solá V. Retention in a low-threshold methadone maintenance program. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1996;41(1):55–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ren J, Ning Z, Asche C, Zhuang M, Kirkness CS, Ye X, et al. Determinants on compliance of methadone maintenance treatment in Shanghai, China. Value Heal. 2013;16(3):A194.
Article
Google Scholar
Peles E, Linzy S, Kreek MJ, Adelson M. One-year and cumulative retention as predictors of success in methadone maintenance treatment: a comparison of two clinics in the United States and Israel. J Addict Dis. 2008;27(4):11–25.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sharifa Ezat WP, Noor Azimah H, Rushidi R, Raminder K, Ruhani I. Compliance towards methadone maintenance therapy and its associated factors in Selangor primary care centers and Kuala Lumpur hospital. Med J Malaysia. 2009;64(1):65–70.
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
D’Ippoliti D, Davoli M, Perucci CA, Pasqualini F, Bargagli AM. Retention in treatment of heroin users in Italy: the role of treatment type and of methadone maintenance dosage. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1998;52(2):167–71.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beardsley K, Wish ED, Fitzelle DB, O’Grady K, Arria AM. Distance traveled to outpatient drug treatment and client retention. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;25(4):279–85.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Beck T, Haasen C, Verthein U, Walcher S, Schuler C, Backmund M, et al. Maintenance treatment for opioid dependence with slow-release oral morphine: a randomized cross-over, non-inferiority study versus methadone. Addiction. 2014;109(4):617–26.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jegu J, Gallini A, Soler P, Montastruc J, Lapeyre-Mestre M. Slow-release oral morphine for opioid maintenance treatment: a systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;71(6):832–43.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Socías ME, Wood E, Kerr T, Nolan S, Hayashi K, Nosova E, et al. Trends in engagement in the cascade of care for opioid use disorder, Vancouver, Canada, 2006–2016. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;189:90–5.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Amiri S, Hirchak K, Lutz R, McDonell MG, McPherson SM, Roll JM, et al. Three-year retention in methadone opioid agonist treatment: a survival analysis of clients by dose, area deprivation, and availability of alcohol and cannabis outlets. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2018;193:63–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dumchev K, Dvoryak S, Chernova O, Morozova O, Altice FL. Retention in medication-assisted treatment programs in Ukraine—Identifying factors contributing to a continuing HIV epidemic. Int J Drug Policy. 2017;48:44–53.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Peles E, Schreiber S, Adelson M. Factors predicting retention in treatment: 10-year experience of a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinic in Israel. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;82(3):211–7.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bukten A, Skurtveit S, Waal H, Clausen T. Factors associated with dropout among patients in opioid maintenance treatment (OMT) and predictors of re-entry. A national registry-based study. Addict Behav. 2014;39(10):1504–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Soyka M, Apelt SM, Lieb M, Wittchen H-U. One-year mortality rates of patients receiving methadone and buprenorphine maintenance therapy: a nationally representative cohort study in 2694 patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006;26(6):657–60.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Sharma A, Kelly SM, Mitchell SG, Gryczynski J, O’Grady KE, Schwartz RP. Update on barriers to pharmacotherapy for opioid use disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(6):35.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gertner AK, Robertson AG, Jones H, Powell BJ, Silberman P, Domino ME. The effect of Medicaid expansion on use of opioid agonist treatment and the role of provider capacity constraints. Health Serv Res. 2020;55(3):383–92.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Larney S, Peacock A, Leung J, Colledge S, Hickman M, Vickerman P, et al. Global, regional, and country-level coverage of interventions to prevent and manage HIV and hepatitis C among people who inject drugs: a systematic review. Lancet Glob Heal. 2017;5(12):e1208–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30373-X.
Article
Google Scholar
Wells C, Jones S. Sustained Release Oral Morphine, Injectable Hydromorphone , and Prescription Diacetylmorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: Clinical and. Ottawa; 2017.
Hämmig R, Köhler W, Bonorden-Kleij K, Weber B, Lebentrau K, Berthel T, et al. Safety and tolerability of slow-release oral morphine versus methadone in the treatment of opioid dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2014;47(4):275–81.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kimmel S, Bach P, Walley AY. Comparison of Treatment Options for Refractory Opioid Use Disorder in the United States and Canada: a Narrative Review. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;1–9.
Giacomuzzi S, Kemmler G, Ertl M, Riemer Y. Opioid addicts at admission vs. slow-release oral morphine, methadone, and sublingual buprenorphine maintenance treatment participants. Subst Use Misuse. 2006;41(2):223–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eder H, Jagsch R, Kraigher D, Primorac A, Ebner N, Fischer G. Comparative study of the effectiveness of slow-release morphine and methadone for opioid maintenance therapy. Addiction. 2005;100(8):1101–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Clark NKK, Lintzeris N, Ritter A, Whelan G. A randomised trial of once-daily slow-release oral morphine versus methadone for heroin dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002;66:s33.
Google Scholar
Bond AJ, Reed KD, Beavan P, Strang J. After the randomised injectable opiate treatment trial: Post-trial investigation of slow-release oral morphine as an alternative opiate maintenance medication. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2012;31(4):492–8.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kastelic A, Dubajic G, Strbad E. Slow-release oral morphine for maintenance treatment of opioid addicts intolerant to methadone or with inadequate withdrawal suppression. Addiction. 2008;103(11):1837–46.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bruneau J, Ahamad K, Goyer MÈ, Poulin G, Selby P, Fischer B, et al. Management of opioid use disorders: a national clinical practice guideline. CMAJ. 2018;190(9):E247–57.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Nordt C, Vogel M, Dey M, Moldovanyi A, Beck T, Berthel T, et al. One size does not fit all—evolution of opioid agonist treatments in a naturalistic setting over 23 years. Addiction. 2019;114(1):103–11.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Socias ME, Wood E, Dong H, Brar R, Bach P, Murphy SM, et al. Slow release oral morphine versus methadone for opioid use disorder in the fentanyl era (pRESTO): Protocol for a non-inferiority randomized clinical trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2020;91:105993.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jagsch R, Fischer G, Köchl B, Unger A. Buprenorphin/Naloxon–Ergebnisse aus dem niedergelassenen Bereich. Suchttherapie. 2013;14(02):84–91.
Article
Google Scholar
Hämmig R, Kemter A, Strasser J, von Bardeleben U, Gugger B, Walter M, et al. Use of microdoses for induction of buprenorphine treatment with overlapping full opioid agonist use: the Bernese method. Subst Abuse Rehabil. 2016;7:99–105.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Klaire S, Zivanovic R, Barbic SP, Sandhu R, Mathew N, Azar P. Rapid micro-induction of buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid use disorder in an inpatient setting: a case series. Am J Addict. 2019;28(4):262–5.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rozylo J, Mitchell K, Nikoo M, Durante SE, Barbic SP, Lin D, et al. Case report: Successful induction of buprenorphine/naloxone using a microdosing schedule and assertive outreach. Addict Sci Clin Pract. 2020;15(1):1–6.
Article
Google Scholar
Burns L, Randall D, Hall WD, Law M, Butler T, Bell J, et al. Opioid agonist pharmacotherapy in New South Wales from 1985 to 2006: patient characteristics and patterns and predictors of treatment retention. Addiction. 2009;104(8):1363–72.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bukten A, Røislien J, Skurtveit S, Waal H, Gossop M, Clausen T. A day-by-day investigation of changes in criminal convictions before and after entering and leaving opioid maintenance treatment: a national cohort study. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):262.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Crowley D, Delargy I. A national model of remote care for assessing and providing opioid agonist treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a report. Harm Reduct J. 2020;17(1):49. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00394-z.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar