Correction to: An exploratory non-randomized study of a 3-month electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) intervention with people accessing a homeless supported temporary accommodation service (STA) in Ireland

Correction to: Harm Reduction Journal (2020) 17:73 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-020-00406-y

Following publication of the original article [1], an error was identified in the Table 1 and in the first paragraphs of both Results and Efficacy sections. The correct table and paragraphs are given below.

Table 1 Demographic and baseline data (n = 9)

Results

Of 30 STA residents, 23 enrolled. In total, 14 recruited participants out of the 23 did not complete the intervention, leaving 9 participants who did. Two identified as women and seven identified as men. Study participants were aged between 32 and 54 years old (mean 43.89 years; SD 7.36 years), first became homeless between 15 and 50 years old (mean 35.22 years; SD 13.07 years) and had been homeless between 1 and 22 years (mean 7.33 years; SD 5.87 years). Study participants reported starting smoking between 7.5 and 18 years (mean 13.17 years; SD 2.98), having smoking histories between 14 and 46 years (mean 30.44; SD 9.37) and smoking between 12 and 40 cigarettes per day (mean 25.22; SD 8.24). At baseline, study participants measured between 7 and 53 ppm CO (mean 21.89; SD 14.41), between 7 and 9 in the Fagerström (mean 7.89; SD 1.27), between 7 and 31 in MPSS mood symptom composite score (Q1–7) (mean 18.11; SD 8.62), between 3 and 10 in MPSS “Urge to Smoke” and “Strength of Urges” composite score (Q8 and 9) (mean 6.89; SD 2.85) and between 3 and 8 in the MPSS physical symptom composite score (mean 4.56; SD 1.59) (see Table 1).

Efficacy

Cigarette consumption was reported to decrease from a mean of 25.22 to 5.56 cigarettes (77.97% reduction). This self-reported decrease of cigarettes smoked was statistically significant (p < 0.001) (see Fig. 1). Mean carbon monoxide measurements decreased from 21.89 to 15.56 (28.93% reduction) with one participant measuring below the 5 ppm CO requirement to be considered a smoker. However, this decrease was not statistically significant (p = 0.079). The higher the number of cigarettes reported to be smoked at baseline, the lower the number of cigarettes decreased (p = 0.009; r =  − 0.807) (see Fig. 2). However, there was no statistically significant relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked at baseline and reductions in carbon monoxide (p = 0.531). Furthermore, there were no statistically significant relationships between years homeless, years smoked or “Quit” attempts and reductions in cigarette smoking.