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  1. Australian needle and syringe distribution occurs via a mix of modalities, including syringe dispensing machines (SDMs). SDMs are electronic vending machines providing (often) 24-h access to needles/syringes a...

    Authors: Phoebe Kerr, Reece D. Cossar, Michael Livingston, David Jacka, Paul Dietze and Daniel O’Keefe
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:144
  2. Illicit drug overdoses have reached unprecedented levels, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses are needed that address the increasingly potent and unpredictable drug supply with better reach to a wi...

    Authors: Bruce Wallace, Thea van Roode, Piotr Burek, Dennis Hore and Bernadette Pauly
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:143
  3. Fentanyl adulteration of illicit drugs is a major driver of opioid-involved overdose in the USA. Fentanyl test strips are increasingly used by people who use drugs to check for fentanyl. However, little is kno...

    Authors: Alyssa Shell Tilhou, Jen Birstler, Amelia Baltes, Elizabeth Salisbury-Afshar, Julia Malicki, Guanhua Chen and Randall Brown
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:142
  4. The opioid epidemic has had a devastating impact on youth from American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Tribes and Villages, which also experience disparate suicide rates. The use of publicly available social...

    Authors: Alec J. Calac, Tiana McMann, Mingxiang Cai, Jiawei Li, Raphael Cuomo and Tim K. Mackey
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:141
  5. The measures implemented to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus disrupted the provision of substance misuse treatment and support. However, little is known about the impact of this disruption on individua...

    Authors: Katy Holloway, Shannon Murray, Marian Buhociu, Alisha Arthur, Rondine Molinaro, Sian Chicken, Elwyn Thomas, Sam Courtney, Alan Spencer, Rachel Wood, Ryan Rees, Stephen Walder and Jessica Stait
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:140
  6. Female sex workers (FSW) have been disproportionately impacted by the Covid-19 crisis. Data show increases of police violence toward key populations (KP), likely a consequence of their role in enforcing health...

    Authors: I. Aristegui, J. Castro Avila, V. Villes, R. M. Delabre, G. Orellano, M. Aguilera, M. Romero, L. Riegel, L. Kretzer, N. Cardozo, P. D. Radusky and D. Rojas Castro
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:139
  7. A growing body of research has focused on contextual factors that shape health and well-being of people who use drugs (PWUD). However, most of this research focuses on large cities and less is known about the ...

    Authors: Geoff Bardwell, Manal Mansoor, Ashley Van Zwietering, Ellery Cleveland, Dan Snell and Thomas Kerr
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:136
  8. Avoiding use of opioids while alone reduces overdose fatality risk; however, drug use-related stigma may be a barrier to consistently using opioids in the presence of others.

    Authors: Rachel E. Gicquelais, Becky L. Genberg, Jessica L. Maksut, Amy S. B. Bohnert and Anne C. Fernandez
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:135
  9. In New Zealand, Pacific people continue to be more at risk of gambling harm than the general population, despite increasing public health efforts and treatment service provisions introduced to address this soc...

    Authors: Edmond S. Fehoko, Maria E. Bellringer and Peggy Fairbairn-Dunlop
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:134
  10. A recent surge in HIV outbreaks, driven by the opioid and stimulant use crises, has destabilized our progress toward targets set forth by Ending the HIV Epidemic: A Plan for America for the high-priority communit...

    Authors: Tyler S. Bartholomew, Barbara Andraka-Cristou, Rachel K. Totaram, Shana Harris, Susanne Doblecki-Lewis, Lily Ostrer, David P. Serota, David W. Forrest, Teresa A. Chueng, Edward Suarez and Hansel E. Tookes
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:133
  11. People who inject drugs (PWID) are at risk for HIV and opioid overdose. We piloted PARTNER UP, a telemedicine-based program to provide PWID with access to both oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prev...

    Authors: Amy Corneli, Brian Perry, Andrea Des Marais, Yujung Choi, Hillary Chen, Rebecca Lilly, Denae Ayers, Jesse Bennett, Lauren Kestner, Christina S. Meade, Nidhi Sachdeva and Mehri S. McKellar
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:132
  12. Overdose-associated deaths and morbidity related to substance use is a global public health emergency with devastating social and economic costs. Complications of substance use are most pronounced among people...

    Authors: Jocelyn Chase, Melissa Nicholson, Elizabeth Dogherty, Emma Garrod, Jocelyn Hill, Rupinder Brar, Victoria Weaver and William J. Connors
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:130
  13. While natural disasters like hurricanes are increasingly common, their long-term effects on people who inject drugs are not well understood. Although brief in duration, natural disasters can radically transfor...

    Authors: Roberto Abadie, Manuel Cano, Patrick Habecker and Camila Gelpí-Acosta
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:129

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:137

  14. Chronic health conditions associated with long-term drug use may pose additional risks to people who use drugs (PWUD) when coupled with COVID-19 infection. Despite this, PWUD, especially those living in rural ...

    Authors: Alex Rains, Mary York, Rebecca Bolinski, Jerel Ezell, Lawrence J. Ouellet, Wiley D. Jenkins and Mai T. Pho
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:128
  15. The overdose crisis in Canada has worsened since the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although this trend is thought to be driven in part by closures or reduced capacity of supervised consumption services (...

    Authors: Rachel Cassie, Kanna Hayashi, Kora DeBeck, M.-J. Milloy, Zishan Cui, Carol Strike, Jeff West and Mary Clare Kennedy
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:126
  16. Settings throughout Canada and the USA continue to experience crises of overdose death due to the toxic unregulated drug supply. Injecting drugs alone limits the potential for intervention and has accounted fo...

    Authors: Alexa Norton, Kanna Hayashi, Cheyenne Johnson, JinCheol Choi, M-J Milloy and Thomas Kerr
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:125
  17. Hospital-based harm reduction services are needed to reduce drug-related harms, facilitate retention in care, and increase medical treatment adherence for people who use drugs. Philanthropic donor support play...

    Authors: Katherine Rudzinski, Soo Chan Carusone, Andre Ceranto, Francisco Ibáñez-Carrasco, Lisa McDonald, Dean Valentine, Adrian Guta, Elaine Hyshka, William O’Leary, Andra Cardow and Carol Strike
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:124
  18. To counteract the spread of new psychoactive substances (NPS) and to prevent the emergence of novel substances, specifically designed as a response to the legal control of individual substances, a new law was ...

    Authors: Regina Kühnl, Darya Aydin, Sabine Horn, Sally Olderbak, Uwe Verthein and Ludwig Kraus
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:122
  19. The incidence of HIV among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in the USA has been increasing since 2014, signaling the need to identify effective ways to engage PWID in HIV prevention services, namely pre-exposur...

    Authors: Michael P. Barry, Elizabeth J. Austin, Elenore P. Bhatraju, Sara N. Glick, Joanne D. Stekler, Elyse L. Tung, Ryan N. Hansen, Emily C. Williams, Alexander J. Gojic, Eleanor I. Pickering and Judith I. Tsui
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:121
  20. Preventing HIV transmission among people who inject drugs (PWID) is a key element of the US Ending the HIV Epidemic strategy and includes both pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and medications for opioid use dis...

    Authors: William H. Eger, Frederick L. Altice, Jessica Lee, David Vlahov, Antoine Khati, Sydney Osborne, Jeffrey A. Wickersham, Terry Bohonnon, Lindsay Powell and Roman Shrestha
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:120
  21. Opioid agonist therapy (OAT) is associated with reduced injection, reduced HCV transmission, and more opportunities to initiate hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment in people who use drugs (PWUD). We aimed to stu...

    Authors: Benjamin Rolland, Caroline Lions, Vincent Di Beo, Patrizia Carrieri, Nicolas Authier, Tangui Barré, Jessica Delorme, Philippe Mathurin, François Bailly, Camelia Protopopescu and Fabienne Marcellin
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:119
  22. Harm reduction services and professionals have had to reorganise and adapt to COVID-19 prevention measures while still ensuring health and social services for people who use drugs (PUD).

    Authors: Mar Bosch-Arís, Laia Gasulla, Teresa de Gispert, Lidia Segura and Joan Colom
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:118
  23. Opioid overdose epidemic is hitting record highs worldwide, accounting for 76% of mortality related to substance use. Take-home naloxone (THN) strategies are being implemented in many developed countries that ...

    Authors: Hawraa Sameer Sajwani and Anna V Williams
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:117
  24. Narrow or non-existent Good Samaritan Law protections and harsh drug selling statutes in the USA have been shown to deter bystanders from seeking medical assistance for overdoses. Additionally, little is known...

    Authors: Alexandria Macmadu, Annajane Yolken, Lisa Frueh, Jai’el R. Toussaint, Roxxanne Newman, Brendan P. Jacka, Alexandra B. Collins and Brandon D. L. Marshall
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:116
  25. Transactional sex is an important driver of HIV risk among people who use drugs in the USA, but there is a dearth of research characterizing men’s selling and trading of sex in the context of opioid use. To id...

    Authors: Joseph G. Rosen, Kristin E. Schneider, Sean T. Allen, Miles Morris, Glenna J. Urquhart, Saba Rouhani and Susan G. Sherman
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:115
  26. Given the ongoing opioid crisis, novel interventions to treat severe opioid use disorder (OUD) are urgently needed. Injectable opioid agonist therapy (iOAT) with diacetylmorphine or hydromorphone is effective ...

    Authors: Nikki Bozinoff, Vitor Soares Tardelli, Dafna Sara Rubin-Kahana and Bernard Le Foll
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:113

    The Correction to this article has been published in Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:123

  27. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s (SAMHSA) Harm Reduction grant program expanded access to several harm reduction strategies to mitigate opioid overdose fatalities, including expa...

    Authors: Matthew R. Filteau, Brandn Green, Frances Kim and Ki-Ai McBride
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:111
  28. Opioid-related overdose death is a public health epidemic in much of the USA, yet little is known about how people who use opioids (PWUO) experience overdose deaths in their social networks. We explore these e...

    Authors: Allison V. Schlosser and Lee D. Hoffer
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:110
  29. Existing research in urban areas has documented a multitude of ways in which law enforcement may affect risks for bloodborne infectious disease acquisition among people who inject drugs (PWID), such as via syr...

    Authors: Sean T. Allen, Sarah Danforth, Suzanne M. Grieb, Jennifer L. Glick, Samantha J. Harris, Catherine Tomko and Susan G. Sherman
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:109
  30. Injection drug use and needle sharing remains a public health concern due to the associated risk of HIV, HCV and skin and soft tissue infections. Studies have shown gendered differences in the risk environment...

    Authors: Katherine M. Rich, Julia Zubiago, Meghan Murphy, Rubeen Guardado and Alysse G. Wurcel
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:108
  31. Access to sterile needles, syringes and methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is critical to reduce the prevalence of bloodborne virus infections among people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to explore the exp...

    Authors: Win Lei Yee, Bridget Draper, Kyi Thar Myint, Win Min, Hla Htay, Daniel O’Keefe and Margaret Hellard
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:107
  32. In 2016, the US state of North Carolina (NC) legalized syringe services programs (SSPs), providing limited immunity from misdemeanor syringe possession when law enforcement is presented documentation that syri...

    Authors: Brandon Morrissey, Tamera Hughes, Bayla Ostrach, Loftin Wilson, Reid Getty, Tonya L. Combs, Jesse Bennett and Jennifer J. Carroll
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:106
  33. The impact of policing practices on the engagement of people who use drugs (PWUD) with harm reduction services is well evidenced. Although the police have traditionally taken an enforcement role in responding ...

    Authors: Danilo Falzon, Elizabeth V. Aston, Hannah Carver, Wendy Masterton, Bruce Wallace, Harry Sumnall, Fiona Measham, Emma Fletcher, Rosalind Gittins, Saket Priyadarshi and Tessa Parkes
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:105
  34. Prescription opioids have been increasingly prescribed for chronic pain while the opioid-related death rates grow. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is increasingly recommended in these patients, yet there is li...

    Authors: Yinan Huang, Ning Lyu, Shrey Gohil, Shweta Bapat, E. James Essien and J. Douglas Thornton
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:104
  35. Heroin pipe distribution may encourage people who use heroin (PWUH) to transition from injecting to smoking heroin, reducing harms associated with injection drug use. A syringe services program (SSP) in Seattl...

    Authors: Thomas Fitzpatrick, Vanessa M. McMahan, Noah D. Frank, Sara N. Glick, Lauren R. Violette, Shantel Davis and Shilo Jama
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:103
  36. The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the need for wide deployment of effective harm reduction strategies in preventing opioid overdose mortality. Placing naloxone in the hands of key responders, including law e...

    Authors: Elham Pourtaher, Emily R. Payne, Nicole Fera, Kirsten Rowe, Shu-Yin John Leung, Sharon Stancliff, Mark Hammer, Joshua Vinehout and Michael W. Dailey
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:102
  37. Australian harm reduction services are provided via a mix of modalities, including fixed-site needle and syringe programmes (NSP) and syringe-dispensing machines (SDMs). SDMs are cost-effective and provide 24-...

    Authors: Daniel O’Keefe, Michael Livingston, Reece D. Cossar, Phoebe Kerr, David Jacka and Paul Dietze
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:101
  38. Vaccine-hesitant persons who inject drugs are at increased risk for several vaccine-preventable diseases. However, vaccination rates among this population remain low. While syringe services programs (SSPs) are...

    Authors: Monique Carry, Danae Bixler, Mark K. Weng, Mona Doshani, Emma Roberts and Martha P. Montgomery
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:100
  39. People who use drugs in Scotland are currently experiencing disproportionately high rates of drug-related deaths. Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) are harm reduction services that offer a safe, hygienic environme...

    Authors: Tessa Parkes, Tracey Price, Rebecca Foster, Kirsten M. A. Trayner, Harry R. Sumnall, Wulf Livingston, Andy Perkins, Beth Cairns, Josh Dumbrell and James Nicholls
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:99
  40. In Scotland drug policy and consequently the progress of evidence-based treatment options has been struggling for many years. Political inaction is brought about by a complex chain of legal and operational obs...

    Authors: Catriona Matheson and Roy Robertson
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:98
  41. Emergency departments (EDs) are important venues for the distribution of naloxone to patients at high risk of opioid overdose, but less is known about patient perceptions on naloxone or best practices for pati...

    Authors: Margaret Lowenstein, Hareena K. Sangha, Anthony Spadaro, Jeanmarie Perrone, M. Kit Delgado and Anish K. Agarwal
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:97
  42. Increased opioid-related morbidity and mortality in racialized communities has highlighted the intersectional nature of the drug policy crisis. Given the racist evolution of the war on drugs and the harm reduc...

    Authors: Parnika Godkhindi, Lisa Nussey and Tim O’Shea
    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2022 19:96