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  1. North America and other parts of the globe are in the midst of a public health emergency related to opioid overdoses and a highly contaminated illicit drug supply. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in ...

    Authors: Trevor Goodyear, Caroline Mniszak, Emily Jenkins, Danya Fast and Rod Knight

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:23

    Content type: Research

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  2. Evidence is emerging that prescription opioid (PO) injection is associated with increased health risks. This mixed-methods study compares the mechanics of PO and heroin injection and examines the demographic a...

    Authors: Pedro Mateu-Gelabert, Honoria Guarino, Jon E. Zibbell, Jennifer Teubl, Chunki Fong, Elizabeth Goodbody, Brian Edlin, Carli Salvati and Samuel R. Friedman

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:22

    Content type: Research

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  3. Tobacco smoking is one of the biggest and avoidable public health threats in the world, especially in low- and middle-income countries. India represents a highly complex public health environment due to the la...

    Authors: Rajeshwar Nath Sharan, Tongbram Malemnganbi Chanu, Tapan Kumar Chakrabarty and Konstantinos Farsalinos

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:21

    Content type: Research

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  4. Mozambique has one of the highest burdens of HIV globally, and people who inject drugs (PWID) have one of the highest HIV infection rates in Africa. After the implementation of the first Biological Behavioral ...

    Authors: Cynthia Semá Baltazar, Makini Boothe and Timothy Kellogg

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:20

    Content type: Commentary

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  5. In Canada, and elsewhere, indigenous peoples who use illicit drugs and/or alcohol (IPWUID/A) commonly experience vulnerability and a disproportionate burden of harm related to substance use. In Vancouver, Cana...

    Authors: Jennifer Lavalley, Shelda Kastor, Malcolm Tourangeau, Ashley Goodman and Thomas Kerr

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:19

    Content type: Research

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  6. Prevalence of HIV infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) has been reported to be higher than that of the general population. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of HIV infection and asso...

    Authors: Samuel Lazarus Likindikoki, Elia John Mmbaga, Germana Henry Leyna, Kåre Moen, Neema Makyao, Mucho Mizinduko, Alex Ishungisa Mwijage, Diana Faini, Melkizedeck Thomas Leshabari and Dan Wolf Meyrowitsch

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:18

    Content type: Research

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  7. Numerous reports have led to concerns that fentanyl is added to many street drugs as an adulterant, including to stimulants like cocaine and methamphetamine, and could increase risks for negative health outcomes.

    Authors: Meredith C. Meacham, Kara L. Lynch, Phillip O. Coffin, Amanda Wade, Eliza Wheeler and Elise D. Riley

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:17

    Content type: Brief report

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  9. We report on motivations for crystal methamphetamine-opioid co-use/co-injection through narratives of people who inject drugs during a period of increased crystal methamphetamine use reporting in Australia.

    Authors: Anna Palmer, Nick Scott, Paul Dietze and Peter Higgs

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:14

    Content type: Research

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  10. The aim of this study is to identify the profiles of young people who use drugs (YPUD) and their exposure to HIV risks in the 3 main cities of Vietnam, Haiphong, Hanoi, and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in order to...

    Authors: Laurent Michel, Linh T. Nguyen, An K. Nguyen, John P. Ekwaru, Didier Laureillard, Nicolas Nagot, Olivier Phan and Oanh T. H. Khuat

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:13

    Content type: Research

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  11. In Belgium, people who inject drugs (PWID) are at a high risk of being infected by hepatitis C (HCV) as injecting drug use is the main mode for transmission of HCV in Europe. Estimates about the number of peop...

    Authors: Luk Van Baelen, Els Plettinckx, Jérôme Antoine and Lies Gremeaux

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:11

    Content type: Research

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  12. People experiencing homelessness have higher rates of problematic substance use but difficulty engaging with treatment services. There is limited evidence regarding how problematic substance use treatment shou...

    Authors: Hannah Carver, Nicola Ring, Joanna Miler and Tessa Parkes

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:10

    Content type: Review

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  13. The increasing incidence of fatal opioid overdose is a public health crisis in Canada. Given growing consensus that this crisis is related to the presence of highly potent opioid adulterants (e.g., fentanyl) i...

    Authors: N. Maghsoudi, K. McDonald, C. Stefan, D. R. Beriault, K. Mason, L. Barnaby, J. Altenberg, R. D. MacDonald, J. Caldwell, R. Nisenbaum, P. Leece, T. M. Watson, K. W. Tupper, L. Kufner, A. I. Scheim and D. Werb

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:9

    Content type: Research

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  14. Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used illicit drugs in Europe and globally. However, there is limited understanding of what shapes patterns of ATS use over the life course. The AT...

    Authors: Marcus-Sebastian Martens, Heike Zurhold, Moritz Rosenkranz, Amy O’Donnell, Michelle Addison, Liam Spencer, William McGovern, Roman Gabrhelík, Benjamin Petruželka, Magdalena Rowicka, Nienke Liebregts, Peter Degkwitz, Eileen Kaner and Uwe Verthein

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:8

    Content type: Research

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  15. In Germany, risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is highest among people who inject drugs (PWID). New injectors (NI) are particularly vulnerable for HCV-acquisition, but little is known about health seeki...

    Authors: Julia Enkelmann, Martyna Gassowski, Stine Nielsen, Benjamin Wenz, Stefan Roß, Ulrich Marcus, Viviane Bremer and Ruth Zimmermann

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:7

    Content type: Brief report

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  16. Occurring against the backdrop of an overdose crisis, stimulant use and stimulant-involved deaths in North America are increasing at an alarming rate. Many of these deaths are being attributed to fentanyl and ...

    Authors: Taylor Fleming, Allison Barker, Andrew Ivsins, Sheila Vakharia and Ryan McNeil

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:6

    Content type: Commentary

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  17. Opioid-related deaths have increased in Western countries over recent decades. Despite numerous studies investigating opioid-related mortality, only a few have focused on the lives of the deceased individuals ...

    Authors: Lisa Andersson, Anders Håkansson, Peter Krantz and Björn Johnson

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:5

    Content type: Research

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  18. In response to the opioid epidemic, naloxone distribution programs aim to prevent overdose death by making naloxone available and training people to use it. Peers of individuals at risk of opioid overdose are ...

    Authors: Bridget L. Hanson, Rebecca R. Porter, Amanda L. Zöld and Heather Terhorst-Miller

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:4

    Content type: Research

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  19. Policy development by partnership is difficult, however, ‘Reducing Harm, Supporting Recovery- A health led response to drug and alcohol use in Ireland 2017-2025’ hailed a new era. This policy was based on an a...

    Authors: Catherine Comiskey

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:3

    Content type: Research

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  21. Methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) has been proven to be effective in treating opioid dependence. In Vietnam, MMT services are provided primarily by public clinics, with only one private MMT clinic establis...

    Authors: Tuan Anh Le, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Anh Duc Dang, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Hai Thanh Phan, Giang Thu Vu, Trang Huyen Thi Nguyen, Carl A. Latkin, Cyrus S. H. Ho, Roger C. M. Ho, Bach Xuan Tran, Jiangbo Ying and Melvyn W. B. Zhang

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2020 17:1

    Content type: Research

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  22. Most smokers attempting to quit relapse. There is little evidence whether the use of e-cigarettes (‘vaping’) increases or decreases relapse. This study aimed to assess 1) whether vaping predicted relapse among...

    Authors: Leonie S. Brose, Julia Bowen, Ann McNeill and Timea R. Partos

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:76

    Content type: Research

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  24. The HIV epidemic in Vietnam has been primarily driven by injection drug use. HIV-infected people who inject drugs (PWID) in Vietnam have very high rates of mental health problems, which can accelerate progress...

    Authors: Minh X. Nguyen, Vivian F. Go, Quynh X. Bui, Bradley N. Gaynes and Brian W. Pence

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:74

    Content type: Research

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  25. In Uganda, injection drug use is a growing but less studied problem. Preventing the transition to injection drug use may help prevent blood-borne viral transmission, but little is known about when and how peop...

    Authors: Matayo Baluku and Twaibu Wamala

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:73

    Content type: Research

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  26. The above-average proportion of people with opioid use disorder living in prisons is a worldwide reality, and the need to treat these people was recognized internationally more than 20 years ago. Studies have ...

    Authors: Heino Stöver, Daniela Jamin, Ingo Ilja Michels, Bärbel Knorr, Karlheinz Keppler and Daniel Deimel

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:72

    Content type: Research

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  27. Given the close connection between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and substance use disorder (SUD), access to integrated HIV and SUD services is critical for individuals experiencing both challen...

    Authors: Rogério Meireles Pinto, Yun Chen and Sunggeun ( Ethan) Park

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:71

    Content type: Review

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  28. The twin problems of severe alcohol dependence and homelessness are associated with precarious living and multiple acute, social and chronic harms. While much attention has been focused on harm reduction servi...

    Authors: B. Pauly, M. Brown, J. Evans, E. Gray, R. Schiff, A. Ivsins, B. Krysowaty, K. Vallance and T. Stockwell

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:70

    Content type: Research

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  29. Injection drug use is on the rise in the USA, and skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) are a common complication, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Due to structural barriers to care-seeking,...

    Authors: Andrew R. Gilbert, Julia L. Hellman, Michael S. Wilkes, Vaughan W. Rees and Phillip J. Summers

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:69

    Content type: Research

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  30. Chronic HCV infection causes substantial morbidity and mortality and, in co-infection with HIV, may result in immunological and virological failure following antiretroviral treatment. Estimates of HCV infectio...

    Authors: Germana Henry Leyna, Neema Makyao, Alexander Mwijage, Angela Ramadhan, Samuel Likindikoki, Mucho Mizinduko, Melkizedeck Thomas Leshabari, Kåre Moen and Elia John Mmbaga

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:68

    Content type: Research

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  32. Overdose education and naloxone distribution programs decrease opioid overdose deaths. However, no studies of such programs have been carried out in Denmark. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibili...

    Authors: Birgitte Thylstrup, Morten Hesse, Marian Jørgensen and Henrik Thiesen

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:66

    Content type: Research

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  35. Psychedelic microdosing is the trending practice of using tiny repeated doses of psychedelic substances to facilitate a range of supposed benefits. With only a few published studies to date, the subject is sti...

    Authors: Martin Andersson and Anette Kjellgren

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:63

    Content type: Research

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  36. Snus is an oral smokeless tobacco product which is usually placed behind the upper lip, either in a loose form or in portioned sachets, and is primarily used in Sweden and Norway. The purpose of this review is...

    Authors: Elizabeth Clarke, Keith Thompson, Sarah Weaver, Joseph Thompson and Grant O’Connell

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:62

    Content type: Review

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  37. In the context of the current US opioid crisis, people who inject drugs (PWID) are increasingly researched, but their ability to tell their own stories may be limited. Photovoice is a participatory action rese...

    Authors: Mari-Lynn Drainoni, Ellen Childs, Katie B. Biello, Dea L. Biancarelli, Alberto Edeza, Peter Salhaney, Matthew J. Mimiaga and Angela R. Bazzi

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:61

    Content type: Research

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  38. Venous access is a priority for people who inject drugs (PWID). Damage and scarring of peripheral veins can exacerbate health harms, such as skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), and promote transitions to f...

    Authors: Magdalena Harris, Jenny Scott, Talen Wright, Rachel Brathwaite, Daniel Ciccarone and Vivian Hope

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:60

    Content type: Research

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  39. JUUL is the fastest growing and highest selling brand of e-cigarette/vapor products in the USA. Assessing the effect of JUUL vapor products on adult smokers’ use of conventional tobacco cigarettes can help inf...

    Authors: Christopher Russell, Farhana Haseen and Neil McKeganey

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:59

    Content type: Research

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  40. Engagement in the HIV care continuum combined with office-based opioid treatment remains a cornerstone in addressing the intertwined epidemics of opioid use disorder (OUD) and HIV/AIDS. Factors influencing pat...

    Authors: Babak Tofighi, Selena S. Sindhu, Chemi Chemi, Crystal Fuller Lewis, Victoria Vaughan Dickson and Joshua D. Lee

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:58

    Content type: Research

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  41. Community pharmacies are important for health access by rural populations and those who do not have optimum access to the health system, because they provide myriad health services and are found in most commun...

    Authors: Beth E. Meyerson, Carrie A. Lawrence, Summer Dawn Cope, Steven Levin, Christopher Thomas, Lori Ann Eldridge, Haley B. Coles, Nina Vadiei and Amy Kennedy

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:57

    Content type: Research

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  42. There is a dearth of evidence on injecting drug use and associated HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Uganda. As such, policy and programming for people who inject drugs (PWID) is limited due to sca...

    Authors: Matayo Baluku, Twaibu Wamala and Denis Muhangi

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:56

    Content type: Research

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  43. Community-based research in HIV in Canada is a complex undertaking. Including peer researchers living with HIV meaningfully is intricate and costly. However, this inclusion guarantees results that translate to...

    Authors: Francisco Ibáñez-Carrasco, James R. Watson and James Tavares

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:55

    Content type: Commentary

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  45. To identify geographic “hotspots” for potential transmission of HIV and HCV and for drug overdose among persons who use heroin and cocaine in New York City and to examine historical continuities in problem dru...

    Authors: D.C. Des Jarlais, C. McKnight, K. Arasteh, J. Feelemyer, Zev Ross and H. L. F. Cooper

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:53

    Content type: Research

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  46. Safe consumption spaces (SCS) are indoor environments in which people can use drugs with trained personnel on site to provide overdose reversal and risk reduction services. SCS have been shown to reduce fatal ...

    Authors: Allison O’Rourke, Rebecca Hamilton White, Ju Nyeong Park, Kayla Rodriguez, Michael E. Kilkenny, Susan G. Sherman and Sean T. Allen

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:51

    Content type: Brief report

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  47. There is limited literature about how to best “do” community involvement in research and no one model of community involvement in research that has been shown to be more effective than others. This paper prese...

    Authors: Melinda Walker, Kim Beadman, Steve Griffin, Mitchell Beadman and Carla Treloar

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:52

    Content type: Commentary

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  49. Ahead of opening Portugal’s first mobile drug consumption room (MDCR) in Lisbon, information from People Who Use Drugs (PWUD) and local community members was necessary to determine current needs and shape the ...

    Authors: Hannah Taylor, Adriana Curado, Joana Tavares, Miguel Oliveira, Diana Gautier and João Santa Maria

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:49

    Content type: Research

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  50. A recent study raised concerns about e-cigarette liquids toxicity by reporting the presence of 14 flavouring chemicals with toxicity classification. However, the relevant toxicity classification was not estima...

    Authors: Konstantinos Farsalinos and George Lagoumintzis

    Citation: Harm Reduction Journal 2019 16:48

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

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  • ISSN: 1477-7517 (electronic)

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Harm Reduction Journal

ISSN: 1477-7517